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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2021 Jan;37(1):15–22. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000691

Table 1:

Key features of human intestinal stem-cell derived models

Organotypic Model Cellular Components Key Features Limitations
iPSC and ESC derived Organoids Epithelium and mesenchyme

  • Resemble immature duodenum or colon

  • Self-organizing and renewing

  • Can be genetically manipulated

  • Limited regional specificity

  • Bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal signaling may interfere mechanistic studies
iPSC derived Mesenchyme free Organoids Epithelium

  • Resemble small intestine and colon

  • Not yet completely characterized
Adult stem cell derived Enteroids Epithelium

  • Retain structural, functional and genetic features of cellular source

  • Amenable to 2D form

  • Ethical concerns hinder tissue availability

  • No human model with underlying mesenchyme

  • Fragile and small for microinjection
Adult stem cell derived inside out Enteroids Epithelium

  • Easy access to apical side

  • Three dimensional

  • No access to basolateral surface

  • Loss of enclosed lumen