Table 1.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Pulmonary Function Test Characteristics of Patients With E-Cigarette or Vaping–Associated Lung Injury
| Characteristic | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 19 | 19 | 21 |
| Sex | Female | Male | Male |
| Ethnicity | Hispanic | White | Hispanic |
| Coexisting conditions | None | None | None |
| Social history | Vaping synthetic THC | Vaping synthetic THC | Vaping synthetic THC |
| COVID-19 sick contact | Yes | No | Yes |
| Symptoms at presentation | |||
| Constitutional | Fever | Lightheadedness, dizziness | Fever, body aches |
| Gastrointestinal | Diarrhea, vomiting, epigastric abdominal pain | Dry heaving, nausea, abdominal pain | Abdominal pain, nausea, throat pain |
| Respiratory | None | Shortness of breath | Cough |
| Vital signs at ED triage | |||
| Temperature (°C) | 38.6 | 38.9 | 39.5 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 123 | 116 | 123 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 28 | 30 | 26 |
| Pulse oximetry (%) | 96 | 92 | 94 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | 124/80 | 139/83 | 114/73 |
| Laboratory (normal range) | |||
| WBC (4.8–10.8 K/μL) | 18.20 | 15.20 | 12.7 |
| Neutrophils (45–75%), % | 89 | 87.5 | 86 |
| Lymphocytes (20–50%), % | 5 | 8.60 | 9.7 |
| ESR (0–20 mm) | 94 | > 130 | > 130 |
| CRP (0.03–0.49 mg/dL) | 22 | 28 | 40 |
| D-dimer (0–229 ng/mL) | 1831 | NA | 167 |
| Procalcitonin (>0.5 ng/mL) | 0.39 | 0.2 | 0.61 |
| Fibrinogen (250-490 mg/dL) | 1152 | NA | 1350 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (135–225 U/L) | 362 | 434 | 402 |
| NT-proBNP (0–125 pg/mL) | 5 | 7 | < 5 |
| Ferritin (30–400 ng/mL) | 65 | 451 | 549 |
| Troponin T (0.01–0.03 ng/mL) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Total bilirubin (0–.2 mg/dL) | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.4 |
| SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody | Negative | NA | Negative |
| Respiratory viral panel | Negative | NA | Negative |
| Gastrointestinal viral panel | Negative | NA | Negative |
| Cultures | |||
| Blood | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| Urine | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| Pulmonary function testing (% predicted) | |||
| FEV1 (L) | 2.66 (94) | NA | 3.94 (105) |
| TLC (L) | 2.99 (69) | NA | 5.50 (94) |
| DLCO (mL/min × mm Hg) | 11.71 (46) | NA | 17.5 (57) |
COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CRP = C-reactive protein; DLCO = diffusing capacity of the lungs carbon monoxide; ED = emergency department; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 s; NA = not applicable; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; RT-PCR = real-time polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; THC = tetrahydrocannabinol; TLC = total lung capacity; WBC = white blood cell.