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. 2020 Jul 10;69(27):870–874. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6927a4

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The figure is a line graph showing trends in rates of ED visits for nonfatal sports and recreation–related traumatic brain injuries among U.S. persons aged ≤17 years, by type of activity and contact level. — Trends* in rates^† of ED visits for nonfatal sports and recreation–related TBIs^§ among persons aged ≤17 years, by type of activity^¶ and contact level,**^,††,§§ — National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program, United States, 2001–2018

Abbreviations: ED = emergency department; TBIs = traumatic brain injuries.

* Symbols represent observed rates, and lines represent modeled rates.

^† Per 100,000 population.

^§ All sports and recreation includes contact sports, limited contact sports, noncontact sports, and recreation.

^¶ Recreation includes scooter riding, all-terrain vehicle riding, amusement attractions (rides and water slides [not swimming pool slides]), tobogganing/sledding, moped/dirt bike riding (includes other two-wheeled, powered, off-road vehicles and dune buggies), other recreation (includes nonpowder/BB guns, go-carts, personal watercraft, snowmobiling, camping, fishing, and billiards), miscellaneous recreation ball games (tetherball, kickball, and dodgeball), and other specified (gym/physical education class, archery, darts, curling, and mountain climbing).

** Contact sports include football, basketball, soccer, hockey (ice hockey, field hockey, roller hockey, and street hockey), combative sports (including boxing, wrestling, martial arts, and fencing), miscellaneous contact ball games (including lacrosse, rugby, and handball).

^†† Limited contact sports include baseball, gymnastics (including cheerleading and dancing), skateboarding, softball, trampolining, horseback riding, volleyball, ice skating, inline/roller skating, and other limited contact sports (including snow skiing, snowboarding, water skiing, and surfing).

^§§ Noncontact sports include playground, bicycling, swimming, exercise, golf (including injuries related to golf carts), track and field, racquet sports (tennis, badminton, and squash), and bowling.