FIGURE 4.

Virulence of X. hominickii DY1 against different insects of two lepidopteran species (S. exigua and P. xylostella at L5 larval stage) and one coleopteran species (T. molitor at larval stage with 3-cm body length). (A) Dose-mortality curve at 24 h after bacterial infection. Overnight cultured bacteria were injected into hemocoels of surface-sterilized larvae using microsyringes. (B) Medium lethal dose (LD₅₀). LD₅₀ values are expressed as colony forming unit (cfu) of bacteria per larva. Each treatment was replicated three times. Each replication used 10 larvae.