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. 2020 Nov 23;11:580297. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580297

TABLE 5.

Standardized regression coefficients of the path analyses for younger (N = 310) and older (N = 267) children.

Language T2 Math T2 Soc-emotional T2



young old young old young old
Language time 1 0.39*** (0.08) 0.36*** (0.08) 0.34*** (0.09) 0.16 (0.09) 0.15* (0.06) 0.23* (0.11)
Math time 1 0.02 (0.06) 0.12 (0.09) 0.06 (0.07) 0.41*** (0.09) 0.02 (0.06) −0.28** (0.10)
Socio-emotional time 1 0.20** (0.07) 0.19** (0.07) 0.17* (0.07) 0.11 (0.06) 0.49*** (0.05) 0.53*** (0.09)
Gender −0.12* −0.06 −0.08 0.02 −0.09* −0.14
Age in months time 1 0.07 0.02 0.14* 0.06 −0.14* −0.15
Time between wave 1 and 2 0.05 −0.06 0.09 0.03 0.02 −0.10
Non-Western immigrant −0.07 −0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.06
Maternal education (1 = high) −0.01 −0.06 −0.02 −0.06 0.04 −0.06
Paternal education (1 = high) −0.03 0.08 0.04 0.14* −0.09 0.19**
Home learning environment 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.08 −0.04 −0.00
Explained variance (CD) 0.39 0.42 0.35 0.42 0.33 0.43
LR test χ2 (81) 147.25 p < 0.001 152.53 p < 0.001 145.85 p < 0.001
Model fit (AIC/BIC) 6097.10 5444.10 6105.74 5532.30 6164.98 5181.22
6377.34 5695.20 6385.98 5783.41 6445.22 5432.33

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.