Table 3.
Peak laboratory data of patients with COVID-19.
| Normal range | Total patients | With CT evidence of fibrosis | Without CT evidence of fibrosis | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 166) | (group 1, n = 76) | (group 2, n = 90) | |||
| White blood cells | |||||
| Leucocytes (×109/L) | 3.5–9.5 | 7.25 (5.63–9.75) | 8.52 (6.45–12.49) | 6.55 (5.43–8.01) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 45/166 (27%) | 33/76 (43%) | 12/90 (13%) | <0.001 | |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 1.8–6.3 | 4.92 (3.55–7.46) | 6.20 (4.42–10.39) | 4.05 (3.08–5.82) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 52/166 (31%) | 36/76 (47%) | 16/90 (18%) | <0.001 | |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.1–3.2 | 1.82 (1.36–2.25) | 1.73 (1.23–2.16) | 1.85 (1.44–2.28) | 0.125 |
| Increased | 4/166 (2%) | 3/76 (4%) | 1/90 (1%) | 0.497 | |
| Eosinophils (×109/L) | 0.02–0.52 | 0.17 (0.10–0.26) | 0.21 (0.14–0.33) | 0.14 (0.09–0.23) | 0.003 |
| Increased | 11/166 (7%) | 6/76 (8%) | 5/90 (6%) | 0.546 | |
| Monocytes (×109/L) | 0.1–0.6 | 0.64 (0.50–0.83) | 0.72 (0.57–0.93) | 0.60 (0.47–0.71) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 93/166 (56%) | 51/76 (67%) | 42/90 (47%) | 0.008 | |
| Cytokines | |||||
| Interleukin-1 β (pg/mL) | <5 | 5.00 (5.00–5.30) | 5.00 (5.00–5.30) | 5.00 (5.00–5.15) | 0.771 |
| Increased | 40/145 (28%) | 19/70 (27%) | 21/75 (28%) | 0.908 | |
| Interleukin-2 receptor (U/mL) | 223–710 | 616.00 (440.00–917.00) | 777.00 (557.50–1090.50) | 511.00 (365.50–698.00) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 56/145 (39%) | 39/70 (56%) | 17/75 (23%) | <0.001 | |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | <7.0 | 7.21 (3.11–20.38) | 10.61 (3.93–31.02) | 5.36 (2.45–13.14) | 0.003 |
| Increased | 76/145 (52%) | 45/70 (64%) | 31/75 (41%) | 0.006 | |
| Interleukin-8 (pg/mL) | <62 | 13.60 (9.20–23.70) | 16.95 (9.70–25.38) | 12.30 (8.10–22.70) | 0.039 |
| Increased | 8/145 (6%) | 3/70 (4%) | 5/75 (7%) | 0.792 | |
| Interleukin-10 (pg/mL) | <9.1 | 5.00 (5.00–7.70) | 5.00 (5.00–9.15) | 5.00 (5.00–5.90) | 0.103 |
| Increased | 27/145 (19%) | 18/70 (26%) | 9/75 (12%) | 0.034 | |
| Tumor necrosis factor α (pg/mL) | <8.1 | 9.20 (7.50–11.90) | 10.80 (8.85–14.73) | 8.20 (6.65–9.95) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 96/145 (66%) | 56/70 (80%) | 40/75 (53%) | 0.001 | |
| Other biomarkers | |||||
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 135–225 | 283.00 (224.25–350.50) | 308.00 (264.75–452.25) | 250.00 (208.25–305.50) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 126/166 (76%) | 68/76 (89%) | 58/90 (64%) | <0.001 | |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/H) | 0.00–15.00 | 35.00 (19.00–64.00) | 58.00 (33.50–81.00) | 22.00 (13.00–34.75) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 89/117 (76%) | 55/59 (93%) | 34/58 (59%) | <0.001 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | <1.0 | 22.80 (4.60–72.50) | 61.70 (15.80–135.55) | 11.25 (2.47–33.62) | <0.001 |
| Increased | 151/166 (91%) | 75/76 (99%) | 76/90 (84%) | 0.001 | |
Data are median (IQR) or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.