Table 4.
Radiographic findings on peak chest CT and features of fibrotic change on last follow-up CT in patients with COVID-19.
| Total patients | With CT evidence of fibrosis | Without CT evidence of fibrosis | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 166) | (group 1, n = 76) | (group 2, n = 90) | ||
| Radiographic features on peak chest CT | ||||
| Manifestations on peak chest CT | ||||
| GGO | 154/166 (93%) | 71/76 (93%) | 83/90 (92%) | 0.766 |
| Consolidation | 128/166 (77%) | 69/76 (91%) | 59/90 (66%) | <0.001 |
| Reticulation/thickened interlobular septa | 38/166 (23%) | 31/76 (41%) | 7/90 (8%) | <0.001 |
| Lung distortion | 26/166 (16%) | 23/76 (30%) | 3/90 (3%) | <0.001 |
| Nodular lesions | 6/166 (4%) | 3/76 (4%) | 3/90 (3%) | 0.837 |
| Distribution of lesions on peak CT | ||||
| 1–4 lung lobes | 58/166 (35%) | 9/76 (12%) | 49/90 (54%) | <0.001 |
| 5 lung lobes | 108/166 (65%) | 67/76 (88%) | 41/90 (46%) | |
| Total scores on peak chest CT | 12 (6–17) | 16 (12–20) | 8 (4–12) | <0.001 |
| 0 (None) | 2/166 (1%) | 0/76 (0%) | 2/90 (2%)* | |
| 1–5 (Minimal) | 26/166 (16%) | 2/76 (3%) | 24/90 (27%) | <0.001 |
| 6–10 (Mild) | 47/166 (28%) | 11/76 (14%) | 36/90 (40%) | |
| 11–15 (Moderate) | 34/166 (20%) | 18/76 (24%) | 16/90 (18%) | |
| 16–20 (Severe) | 37/166 (22%) | 28/76 (37%) | 9/90 (10%) | |
| 21–25 (Critical) | 20/166 (12%) | 17/76 (22%) | 3/90 (3%) | |
| Features of fibrotic change on last follow-up CT | ||||
| Manifestations of fibrotic change on last follow-up CT | ||||
| Parenchymal bands | 58/166 (35%) | 58/76 (76%) | ||
| Irregular interfaces | 24/166 (14%) | 24/76 (32%) | ||
| Traction bronchiectasis | 29/166 (17%) | 29/76 (38%) | ||
| Lung distortion | 19/166 (11%) | 19/76 (25%) | ||
| Honeycombing | 7/166 (4%) | 7/76 (9%) | ||
| Distribution of fibrotic change on last follow-up CT | ||||
| Peripheral | 68/166 (41%) | 68/76 (89%) | ||
| Peribronchovascular | 5/166 (3%) | 5/76 (7%) | ||
| Random | 3/166 (2%) | 3/76 (4%) | ||
| Total scores of fibrotic pattern on last follow-up CT | ||||
| 1–5 (Minimal) | 45/166 (27%) | 45/76 (59%) | ||
| 6–10 (Mild) | 19/166 (11%) | 19/76 (25%) | ||
| 11–15 (Moderate) | 11/166 (7%) | 11/76 (14%) | ||
| 16–20 (Severe) | 1/166 (1%) | 1/76 (1%) | ||
| 21–25 (Critical) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; GGO, ground-glass opacity.
*
The two patients presented with severe and persistent respiratory symptom, however, all CT images of them during hospitalization were negative. The CTs performed in the severest clinical conditions were defined as peak chest CTs of the two patients.