Figure 5.

Characteristics of RAW264.7 cells (macrophages) after 6 h incubation of P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, or P. aeruginosa with C. albicans (combined) in sessile (biofilm) and planktonic form (free-living) as determined by supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) (A–C), gene expression of macrophage polarization of M1 (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α) and M2 (Arg-1, FIZZ-1, TGF-β) (D–I) are demonstrated. Mean ± SE was used for data presentation, and the differences between groups were examined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s analysis for comparisons of multiple groups or 2 groups (A–I). A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. (Independent triplicate experiments were performed.) (*p<0.05; ^# p<0.05).