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. 2020 Nov 24;11:597433. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.597433

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Copyright © 2020 Elahi, Vega-López, Herman-Miguel, Ramírez-Estudillo, Mancilla-Ramírez, Motyka, West and Oyegbami

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CECs from human infants exhibit immunosuppressive properties in vitro. (A) Representative plots, and (B) cumulative data showing TNF-α production by CD14+ cells following stimulation with LPS (2 μg/ml) in the absence/presence of CECs (1:1) ratio and presence of apocynin at shown concentrations for 6 h with a Golgi blocker. Samples are from three infants aged 2–4 weeks. (C) Representative plots, and (D) cumulative data showing IFN-γ production by CD4⁺ or (E) CD8⁺ T cells following stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 in the absence/presence of CECs (1:1) ratio and presence of apocynin at shown concentrations for 18 h with an additional 6 h in the presence of a Golgi blocker. Samples are from three infants age 2 to 4 weeks.