Figure 7.

Propofol suppresses oxidative stress in glioma cells by inhibiting DMT1 and CPAR expression. (A) AMPA receptor activator (R, S)-AMPA induces CPARs upregulation and Ca²⁺ influx, which can cause the excessive expression of DMT1, followed by increased ROS formation in mitochondria. (B) Propofol inhibits CPAR and DMT1 expression and eventually suppresses oxidative stress and tumor growth. DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1; AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; CPAR, Ca²⁺-permeable AMPA receptors; ROS, reactive oxygen species.