Table 4.
Measurement invariance of bifactor model across gender, educational level, and setting using sample aged over 70 years.
| χ2 or (Δχ2) | df or (Δdf) | p-value | CFI or (ΔCFI)a | RMSEA or (ΔRMSEA)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male vs. female) | |||||
| 1. Configural | 41.96 | 102 | 1.00 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 2. Loadings constrained | 63.22 | 125 | 1.00 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 3. Loadings and intercepts constrained | 67.76 | 135 | 1.00 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 2. vs. 1. | (21.26) | (23) | 0.57 | (0.000) | (0.000) |
| 3. vs. 2. | (4.54) | (10) | 0.92 | (0.000) | (0.000) |
| Educational level (≤elementary vs. ≥junior high) | |||||
| 1. Configural | 40.06 | 102 | 1.00 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 2. Loadings constrained | 82.06 | 125 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 3. Loadings and intercepts constrained | 91.69 | 135 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 2. vs. 1. | (42.00) | (23) | 0.009 | (0.000) | (0.000) |
| 3. vs. 2. | (9.63) | (10) | 0.47 | (0.000) | (0.000) |
a
CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.