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. 2020 Nov 24;10:607196. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607196

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Involvement of circulating miRNAs in muscle wasting. (A) miR-21 and miR-29a are secreted through extracellular vesicles (EVs) by lung and pancreatic cancer cells: once internalized by myoblasts, both miRNAs bind the TLR7/8 receptor hence inducing the phosphorylation of JNK and triggering apoptosis. Such process can be inhibited by TLR7/8 inhibitor IMO-8503. (B) High levels of circulating miR-203 in colorectal cancer patients promote myopenia and induce apoptosis in muscle cells through the downregulation of BIRC5. (C) Circulating miR-130a concentration negatively correlates to TNF-α levels in the serum of head and neck cancer patients. (D) Circulating miR-206 can significantly discriminate between rhabdomyosarcoma and non-rhabdomyosarcoma patients. (E) miR-23a/27a mediate the cross-talk between muscle and kidney cells and impair both diabetes-related muscle atrophy and renal fibrosis lesions. (F) In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, circulating high levels of miR-1 positively correlate with creatinine levels in the serum, while a low concentration of miR-1 is an indicator of muscle wasting.