Figure 2.

BEFV-induced autophagy requires Cox-2 and is AMPK-independent. (A) MDBK cells were pretreated either with Furancarboxylic acid, NS-398 (25 μM) and indomethacin for 1 h followed by infection with BEFV at an MOI of 1 for 18 h. (B) MDBK cells were transfected with AMPK shRNA for 6 h, then with or without pretreatment of Furancarboxylic acid or AICAR for 1 h, followed by infection with BEFV at an MOI of 1. The cell lysates were harvested at 18 hpi and subjected to immunoblotting using antibodies as indicated. The levels of indicated proteins in the mock group were considered onefold. The activation and inactivation folds indicated below each lane were normalized against values for the mock control group. Protein levels were normalized to those for β‐actin. Signals in all Western blots were quantified with ImageJ software. All experiments were conducted in three independent experiments. The predicted size of each protein was labeled at the right-hand side in kDa.