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. 2020 Nov 24;11:556838. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556838

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Copyright © 2020 Tseng, Huang, Cheng, Chiu, Liao, Nielsen and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Models illustrating the mechanisms of AICAR and aspirin-mediated inhibition of BEFV-induced autophagy. At the early stage of BEFV infection, AICAR suppresses the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK/AP-1/Cox-2/PGE2/EP2 pathways, and aspirin suppresses NF-κB and the BEFV-activated Src/JNK/AP-1/Cox-2/PGE2/EP2 pathway. At the late stage of BEFV infection, AICAR reverses the BEFV-inactivated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the BEFV-activated Src/JNK/Bcl-2 pathway while aspirin reverses the BEFV-inactivated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.