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. 2020 Nov 24;11:598727. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598727

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Copyright © 2020 Killick, Hay, Morandi, Vermeren, Kari, Angles, Williams, Damoiseaux and Astier

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Vitamin D supplementation modulates the phenotype of T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) after in vitro activation. (A) t-SNE representation and (B) intensity of staining of CD46, CD25, CD162, CD45RA, CD127, CD6, Foxp3, and CD226 in CD3+CD4+ T cell clusters after CD28 or CD46 costimulation of PMBCs from patients with MS supplemented by vitamin D or placebo (n=3 and n=4, respectively). (C) visualization of clusters identified by Phenograph on t-SNE-map analysis of the CD3+CD4+ T cells. (D) Percentage of the 19 clusters identified by PhenoGraph in the vitamin D and placebo groups before and after treatment. Clusters increased (green boxes) or decreased (blue boxes) after vitamin D supplementation are indicated.