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. 2020 Dec 12;12(9):717–733. doi: 10.1007/s13238-020-00811-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SARS-CoV-2 replicates in human airway and alveolar organoids. (A and B) The viral RNA and virus titer in the culture supernatant and relative intracellular viral RNA in cell lysates in hAWOs (A) and hALOs (B) were detected at indicated time points post infection. (C) Immunofluorescence images of viral nucleoprotein (green) and epithelial marker E-cadherin (red) expression with DNA stain (DAPI, blue) in SARS-CoV-2 infected hAWOs and hALOs. Scale bar, 100 μm (left panel); 20 μm (right panel). Boxes represent zoom views. (D and F) Percentage of hAWOs (D) and hALOs (F) harboring SARS-CoV2 infected cells at different time points. At least 30 different organoids were counted per condition. (E and G) Percentage of infected cells per infected hAWOs (E) and hALOs (G). At least 10 organoids were counted in (E) and at least 20 organoids in (G). ***P < 0.001, by one-way ANOVA analysis