Table 3.
Within mixed-sex twin fixed-effects models of the association between child sex and infant and child mortality (1–59 months) for northern regions (panel A) and other regions (panel B)
| Mortality 1–59 Months, Pooled | Mortality 1–59 Months Born Before 1995 | Mortality 1–59 Months Born in 1995–2005 | Mortality 1–59 Months Born After 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| A. Northern Regions | ||||
| Female | 0.036*** | 0.091*** | 0.006 | 0.019 |
| (0.009) | (0.020) | (0.014) | (0.013) | |
| Firstborn twin | –0.047*** | –0.013 | –0.060*** | –0.063*** |
| (0.009) | (0.020) | (0.014) | (0.013) | |
| Constant | 0.108*** | 0.127*** | 0.113*** | 0.082*** |
| (0.008) | (0.018) | (0.013) | (0.012) | |
| Number of observations | 3,482 | 1,074 | 1,248 | 1,160 |
| R2 | .028 | .042 | .030 | .047 |
| Number of families | 1,741 | 537 | 624 | 580 |
| Baseline male mortality | 0.080 | 0.119 | 0.079 | 0.047 |
| B. Other Regions | ||||
| Female | –0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003 | –0.010 |
| (0.009) | (0.021) | (0.013) | (0.011) | |
| Firstborn twin | –0.026** | –0.032 | –0.031* | –0.014 |
| (0.009) | (0.021) | (0.013) | (0.011) | |
| Constant | 0.083*** | 0.134*** | 0.070*** | 0.052*** |
| (0.008) | (0.019) | (0.011) | (0.010) | |
| Number of observations | 2,718 | 794 | 1,030 | 894 |
| R2 | .006 | .006 | .011 | .005 |
| Number of families | 1,359 | 397 | 515 | 447 |
| Baseline male mortality | 0.069 | 0.116 | 0.054 | 0.045 |
Notes: All estimates use pooled data from the Indian National Family Health Survey (1992–1993, 1998–1999, 2005–2006, 2015–2016). Analysis conducted in STATA 15. Bold numbers indicate a statistically significant (p < .05) difference between the birth cohort in question and the first birth cohort (i.e., born before 1995).
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001