Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of premenopausal (pre), early and late perimenopausal (peri), and postmenopausal (post) women
| Parameter | Pre | Early peri | Late peri | Post | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 24 | 17 | 21 | 25 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.709 | ||||
|
Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino Unknown |
4 (16.7) 19 (79.2) 1 (4.2) |
2 (11.1) 15 (83.3) 0 (0.0) |
2 (9.5) 19 (90.5) 0 (0.0) |
4 (16.0) 20 (80.0) 1 (4.0) |
|
| Race | 0.524 | ||||
|
Asian African American White More than one race |
3 (12.5) 1 (4.2) 17 (70.8) 3 (12.5) |
1 (5.6) 1 (5.6) 15 (83.3) 0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) 1 (4.8) 18 (85.7) 2 (9.5) |
1 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 22 (88.0) 2 (8.0) |
|
| Age, years | 33 ± 7 | 49 ± 3 | 50 ± 4 | 58 ± 6 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass, kg | 65.5 ± 13.3 | 66.5 ± 6.4 | 68.0 ± 12.8 | 70.1 ± 12.0 | 0.59 |
| BMI | 24.1 ± 5.3 | 25.0 ± 2.7 | 24.4 ± 4.3 | 26.6 ± 4.4 | 0.21 |
| Total body fat, % | 30 ± 7 | 35 ± 5 | 36 ± 7 | 39 ± 4 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 109 ± 7 | 113 ± 12 | 115 ± 13 | 119 ± 14 | 0.063 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 71 ± 6 | 72 ± 7 | 71 ± 8 | 74 ± 9 | 0.53 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 0.006 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 0.058 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 0.21 |
| Insulin, pmol/La | 36 (18–60) | 28(21–56) | 30 (18–60) | 30 (24–66) | 0.71 |
| Oxidized LDL, U/L | 43.7 ± 15.7 | 41.8 ± 11.4 | 50.5 ± 17.0 | 53.4 ± 17.3 | 0.033 |
| Glutathione, μM | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 5.6 ± 2.4 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 0.029 |
| TAS, mmol/L | 1.40 ± 0.19 | 1.34 ± 0.15 | 1.31 ± 0.13 | 1.30 ± 0.15 | 0.16 |
| CRP, mg/dLa | 0.7 (0.3–0.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.9) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 1.1 (0.5–1.4) | 0.54 |
| IL-6, pg/mLa | 0.70 (0.56–1.29) | 0.70 (0.58–1.23) | 0.93 (0.62–1.40) | 0.92 (0.62–1.24) | 0.80 |
| Endothelin-1, pg/mLc | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.2 | 0.15 |
| Norepinephrine, pg/mLa | 168 (106–225) | 245 (211–291) | 227 (159–272) | 231 (147–317) | 0.21 |
| LTPAb | 17.2 ± 11.8 | 17.3 ± 12.8 | 15.1 ± 11.7 | 14.9 ± 18.1 | 0.91 |
| VO2peak, ml/kg/min | 33.1 ± 6.0 | 27.6 ± 4.4 | 27.3 ± 5.4 | 24.4 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. aValues are median (interquartile range). bn = 86; cn = 84. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TAS, total antioxidant status; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; LTPA, leisure time physical activity; VO2peak, peak aerobic power