Table 1.
Incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases according to baseline demographic and clinical characteristics (comorbidities/medications) in the total study cohort (N=79 083): Tarragona region (Southern Catalonia, Spain), March 1, 2020– May23, 2020
| Characteristic | Study population (N=79 083) n (%) |
PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=380) | |
| Univariate analysis n (%) p value |
Incidence rate | ||
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age | |||
| 50–64 years | 42 684 (54.0) | 101 (26.6) <0.001 | 236.6 (193.6–288.7) |
| 65–79 years | 26 013 (32.9) | 95 (25.0) | 365.2 (295.4–452.9) |
| ≥80 years | 10 386 (13.1) | 184 (48.4) | 1771.6 (1527.1–2055.1) |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 37 626 (47.6) | 158 (41.6) 0.019 | 419.9 (358.6–491.7) |
| Women | 41 457 (52.4) | 222 (58.4) | 535.5 (464.8–616.4) |
| Community-dwelling | 77 676 (98.2) | 220 (57.9) <0.001 | 283.2 (245.8–326.0) |
| Nursing-home residence | 1407 (1.8) | 160 (42.1) | 11 371.7 (9711.4–13 316.3) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Neurological disease | 2317 (2.9) | 66 (17.4) <0.001 | 2848.5 (2236.1–3617.6) |
| Renal disease | 4476 (5.7) | 49 (12.9) <0.001 | 1094.7 (812.3–1445.0) |
| Cancer | 6630 (8.4) | 49 (12.9) 0.001 | 739.1 (548.4–975.6) |
| Rheumatic disease | 872 (1.1) | 2 (0.5) 0.281 | 229.4 (27.8–828.0) |
| Respiratory disease | 7272 (9.2) | 63 (16.6) <0.001 | 866.3 (667.1–1126.2) |
| Cardiac disease | 13 435 (17.0) | 123 (32.4) <0.001 | 915.5 (762.6–1098.6) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3786 (4.8) | 55 (14.5) <0.001 | 1452.7 (1077.9–1917.6) |
| Liver disease | 1465 (1.9) | 8 (2.1) 0.714 | 546.1 (235.4–1075.8) |
| Diabetes | 13 317 (16.8) | 102 (26.8) <0.001 | 765.9 (626.5–934.4) |
| Hypertension | 34 945 (44.2) | 223 (58.7) <0.001 | 638.1 (553.9–734.5) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 27 314 (34.5) | 133 (35.0) 0.850 | 486.9 (411.0–576.5) |
| Obesity | 21 678 (27.4) | 96 (25.3) 0.347 | 442.8 (362.2–540.3) |
| Smoking | 12 750 (16.1) | 27 (7.1) <0.001 | 211.8 (139.6–309.2) |
| Chronic medications use | |||
| Diuretics | 8481 (10.7) | 111 (29.2) <0.001 | 1308.8 (1090.2–1570.6) |
| Beta-blockers | 9571 (12.1) | 68 (17.9) 0.001 | 710.5 (557.7–902.3) |
| ACEIs | 16 419 (20.8) | 92 (24.2) 0.097 | 560.3 (453.3–694.8) |
| ARBs | 8869 (11.2) | 39 (10.3) 0.556 | 439.7 (314.0–598.0) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 6490 (8.2) | 52 (13.7) <0.001 | 801.2 (594.5–1057.6) |
| Statins | 16 134 (20.4) | 69 (18.2) 0.277 | 427.7 (335.7–543.1) |
| Oral anticoagulants | 3912 (4.9) | 46 (12.1) <0.001 | 1175.9 (857.2–1575.7) |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 9154 (11.6) | 86 (22.6) <0.001 | 939.5 (760.0–1165.0) |
| Insulin | 3042 (3.8) | 39 (10.3) <0.001 | 1282.1 (915.4–1743.6) |
| Oral antidiabetic drugs | 10 585 (13.4) | 69 (18.2) 0.006 | 651.9 (511.7–827.9) |
| Inhaled respiratory drugs | 6293 (8.0) | 61 (16.1) <0.001 | 969.3 (746.4–1260.1) |
| Antineoplastic agents | 1614 (2.0) | 8 (2.1) 0.929 | 495.7 (213.6–976.5) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 1252 (1.6) | 5 (1.3) 0.676 | 399.4 (129.4–930.5) |
| NSAIDs | 4321 (5.5) | 12 (3.2) 0.047 | 277.7 (143.6–486.0) |
| Chloroquine | 168 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) 0.367 | 0 (–) |
| Antihistamines | 3264 (4.1) | 7 (1.8) 0.025 | 214.5 (86.0–446.1) |
| Proton-pump inhibitors | 17 931 (22.7) | 142 (37.4) <0.001 | 791.9 (668.4–937.6) |
| Benzodiazepines | 13 046 (16.5) | 96 (25.3) <0.001 | 735.9 (601.9–897.7) |
| Vaccination’s history | |||
| Influenza vaccine in prior autumn | 22 606 (28.6) | 205 (53.9) <0.001 | 906.8 (787.1–1043.8) |
| Pneumococcal vaccinated | 26 183 (33.1) | 213 (56.1) <0.001 | 813.5 (706.1–936.3) |
P values in univariate analysis were calculated by χ2, or Fisher’s test as appropriate, comparing percentages in the study population versus COVID-19 cases; IR denotes incidence rates per 100 000 persons-period (12 weeks); CIs denotes confidence intervals for incidence rates and were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution for uncommon events.
ACEIs, ACE inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.