Table 3.
Incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases according to baseline demographic and clinical characteristics (comorbidities/medications) in subgroup analysis restricted to community-dwelling individuals (n=77 676): Tarragona region (Southern Catalonia, Spain), March 1, 2020– May 23, 2020
| Characteristic | Study population (N=77 676) n (%) |
PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=220) | |
| Univariate analysis n (%) p value |
Incidence rate | ||
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age | |||
| 50–64 years | 42 533 (54.8) | 99 (45.0) <0.001 | 232.8 (190.4–284.0) |
| 65–79 years | 25 713 (33.1) | 72 (32.7) | 280.0 (219.8–355.6) |
| ≥80 years | 9430 (12.1) | 49 (22.3) | 519.6 (385.6–685.9) |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 37 145 (47.8) | 108 (49.1) 0.706 | 290.8 (237.8–354.7) |
| Women | 40 531 (52.2) | 112 (50.9) | 276.3 (230.2–331.6) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Neurological disease | 1951 (2.5) | 11 (5.0) 0.018 | 563.8 (281.3–1009.2) |
| Renal disease | 4240 (5.5) | 26 (11.8) <0.001 | 613.2 (400.4–901.4) |
| Cancer | 6463 (8.3) | 32 (14.5) 0.001 | 495.1 (334.2–708.0) |
| Rheumatic disease | 860 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) 0.354 | 116.3 (2.9–647.7) |
| Respiratory disease | 7075 (9.1) | 47 (21.4) <0.001 | 664.3 (484.3–890.2) |
| Cardiac disease | 12 925 (16.6) | 68 (30.9) <0.001 | 526.1 (413.0–668.2) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3561 (4.6) | 26 (11.8) <0.001 | 730.1 (476.8–1073.3) |
| Liver disease | 1438 (1.9) | 6 (2.7) 0.334 | 417.2 (153.1–909.6) |
| Diabetes | 12 926 (16.6) | 50 (22.7) 0.015 | 386.8 (287.0–510.6) |
| Hypertension | 33 996 (43.8) | 112 (50.9) 0.032 | 329.5 (274.4–395.3) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 26 766 (34.5) | 74 (33.6) 0.797 | 276.5 (217.0–351.1) |
| Obesity | 21 344 (27.5) | 57 (25.9) 0.602 | 267.1 (205.6–347.2) |
| Smoking | 12 640 (16.3) | 19 (8.6) 0.002 | 150.3 (90.5–234.5) |
| Chronic medications use | |||
| Diuretics | 8028 (10.3) | 51 (23.2)<0.001 | 635.3 (471.4–838.6) |
| Beta-blockers | 9312 (12.0) | 40 (18.2) 0.005 | 429.6 (306.7–584.2) |
| ACEIs | 16 031 (20.6) | 41 (18.6) 0.462 | 255.8 (182.6–347.8) |
| ARBs | 8709 (11.2) | 29 (13.2) 0.354 | 333.0 (223.1–479.5) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 6316 (8.1) | 27 (12.3) 0.024 | 427.5 (281.7–624.1) |
| Statins | 15 911 (20.5) | 47 (21.4) 0.746 | 295.4 (215.3–395.8) |
| Oral anticoagulants | 3741 (4.8) | 27 (12.3) <0.001 | 721.7 (475.6–1053.7) |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 8810 (11.3) | 40 (18.2) 0.001 | 454.0 (324.2–617.5) |
| Insulin | 2904 (3.7) | 20 (9.1) <0.001 | 688.7 (420.8–1060.6) |
| Oral antidiabetic drugs | 10 352 (13.3) | 34 (15.5) 0.353 | 328.4 (228.9–456.5) |
| Inhaled respiratory drugs | 6095 (7.8) | 42 (19.1) <0.001 | 689.1 (492.0–937.2) |
| Antineoplastic agents | 1581 (2.0) | 2 (0.9) 0.236 | 126.5 (15.3–456.7) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 1216 (1.6) | 5 (2.3) 0.397 | 411.2 (133.2–958.1) |
| NSAIDs | 4305 (5.5) | 12 (5.5) 0.955 | 278.7 (144.1–487.8) |
| Antihistamines | 3221 (4.1) | 6 (2.7) 0.290 | 186.3 (68.4–406.1) |
| Proton-pump inhibitors | 17 315 (22.3) | 74 (33.6) <0.001 | 427.4 (335.5–542.8) |
| Benzodiazepines | 12 654 (16.3) | 49 (22.3) 0.016 | 387.2 (287.3–511.1) |
| Vaccination’s history | |||
| Influenza vaccine in prior autumn | 21 570 (27.8) | 70 (31.8) 0.179 | 324.5 (254.8–412.1) |
| Pneumococcal vaccinated | 25 224 (32.5) | 100 (45.5) <0.001 | 396.4 (324.3–483.7) |
P values in univariate analysis were calculated by χ2, or Fisher’s test as appropriate, comparing percentages in the study population versus COVID-19 cases; IR denotes incidence rates per 100 000 persons-period (12 weeks); CIs denotes confidence intervals for incidence rates and were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution for uncommon events.
ACEIs, ACE inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.