Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the overall survival of patients with bladder cancer

	Univariate model		Multivariate model
	HR (95%)	p value	HR (95%)	p value
Sex
Female	1	–	1	–
Male	1.9 (1–3.7)	0.04	11.8 (1.3–100.7)	0.02
Age
≤ 50	1	–	1
51–64	1.6 (0.6–4)	0.27	1.1 (0.4–3.1)	0.8
≥ 65	3.3 (1.4–7.5)	0.005	4.1 (1.5–11)	0.004
Marital status
Single*	1	–	1	–
Married	0.36 (0.2–0.6)	< 0.001	0.7 (0.3–1.3)	0.3
Residence
Rural	1	–	1	–
Urban	0.5 (0.3–0.7)	0.001	0.8 (0.4–1.6)	0.5
Occupation
Unemployed/Retired	1	–	1	–
Housewife	1.2 (0.5–26.8)	0.6	11.3 (1.1–116.8)	0.04
Worker	2.2 (1–4.7)	0.04	2.6 (1.1–6.2)	0.03
Self-employed	2.2 (1.1–4.4)	0.03	3.3 (1.5–7.1)	0.002
Office job	1.8 (0.7–4.4)	0.19	4.9 (1.7–13.9)	0.003
Agriculturist	3.1 (1.6–6.1)	0.001	1.8 (0.7–4.4)	0.2
Education
Illiterate	1	–	1	–
Literate	0.5 (0.3–0.8)	0.003	1.1 (0.6–2)	0.8
Socioeconomic status
Poor	1	–	1	–
Moderate	0.6 (0.3–0.9)	0.02	0.5 (0.3–1)	0.06
Rich	0.35 (0.2–0.6)	< 0.001	0.4 (0.2–0.8)	0.01
TNM stage
I	1	–	1	–
II	2.4 (1.5–4)	< 0.001	1.5 (0.7–2.9)	0.2
III	7.9 (4.7–13.4)	< 0.001	2.8 (1.3–5.8)	0.006
IV	7.3 (3.2–16.6)	< 0.001	6.4 (2.1–19.3)	0.001
Grade
Poorly differentiated	1	–	1	–
Well differentiated	5.2 (3.4–7.9)	< 0.001	3.2 (1.7–6)	< 0.001
Treatment
Radiation therapy	1	–	1	–
Surgery	0.8 (0.3–2.1)	0.6	0.9 (0.3–2.6)	0.8
Chemotherapy	1.7 (0.4–6.6)	0.4	1.5 (0.3–6.2)	0.6
Combinational treatment	1.3 (0.4–3.7)	0.6	0.9 (0.5–5)	0.4
Histologic type
Adenocarcinoma	1	–	1	–
Squamous cell carcinoma	1.3 (0.3–5.1)	0.7	4.7 (0.8–26.8)	0.08
Urothelial carcinoma	0.46 (0.19–1)	0.06	1.6 (0.5–4.5)	0.4

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval

*Unmarried, divorced, widow/widower