Fig. 4.

Polydatin attenuates diabetes-induced myocardial oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase activation. a Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the myocardial tissues were determined using colorimetric assay kits. b 4-HNE levels in the myocardial tissues determined by ELISA. c Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in myocardium detected by DHE staining. d NADPH oxidase activity measured in myocardium by lucigenin chemiluminescence. e Representative images of DHE staining for detecting ROS in myocardium. f-i The protein expression of NOX2, NOX4, and NOX1 were detected by Western blotting. Results were expressed as means ± SEM (n = 7). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01versus DM