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. 2020 Dec 8;15:9987–10005. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S270336

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© 2020 Niu et al.

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(A) In vitro profile of berberine release (mean±SD, n=3) from berberine solution and BTFM in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 and pH 5.5. (B) In vitro permeation of berberine from BFM, BTFM and drug solution across rat skin in pH 7.4. (C) Berberine retention in rat skin after exposure to BFM, BTFM and drug solution for 24 h (data given as the mean ± SD, n=3; *p < 0.05 versus berberine solution).