Figure 2.

Roles of tumor cells derived exosomes in female reproductive system cancer and breast cancers.

Notes: Exosomes are of great importance in the advancement of tumorigenesis, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune avoidance and drug resistance by the transfer of functional biomolecules. Exosomes from female reproductive system cancers and breast cancers can regulate immunity by inducing immune escape of γδT1 cells and immunosuppression of CD4+ T cells. Exosomes from female reproductive system cancers and breast cancers not only transport miRNAs from tumor cells to vascular endothelial cells to facilitate proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis, but also act on tumor stromal cells to produce a beneficial microenvironment for tumor metastasis. Moreover, exosomes secreted by CAF promote EMT, cell propagation, invasion and migration. In addition, proteins, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs and DNAs in exosomes in circulating body fluids can be used as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis.