Table 2.
Mental Health and HRQoL Outcomes of HCWs During the COVID-19 Outbreak
| Designated Hospital (N=106) | Non-Designated Hospital (N=67) | Total (N=173) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental health problems | ||||
| Depression symptoms, n (%) | 27 (25.5%) | 8 (11.9%) | 35 (20.2%) | 0.03 |
| Anxiety symptoms, n (%) | 49 (46.2%) | 9 (13.4%) | 58 (33.5%) | <0.001 |
| Stress, n (%) | 19 (17.9%) | 3 (4.5%) | 22 (12.7%) | 0.01 |
| Major PTSD, n (%) | 18 (17.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | 21 (12.1%) | 0.01 |
| Insomniac, n (%) | 27 (25.5%) | 8 (11.9%) | 35 (20.2%) | 0.03 |
| DASS21 scores, Median (IQR) | ||||
| DASS21-Depression | 4 (2–10) | 2 (0–6) | 4 (0–8) | 0.004 |
| DASS21-Anxiety | 6 (2–12) | 2 (0–4) | 4 (2–10) | <0.001 |
| DASS21-Stress | 10 (4–14) | 4 (2–10) | 8 (4–14) | 0.001 |
| IES-R score, Median (IQR) | 15 (8–21) | 6 (3–12) | 12 (5–19) | <0.001 |
| ISI score, Median (IQR) | 10 (8–15) | 9 (7–12) | 10 (7–14) | 0.09 |
| EQ-5D-5L profile | ||||
| Mobility,* n (%) | 34 (32.1%) | 12 (17.9%) | 46 (26.6%) | 0.04 |
| Self-care,* n (%) | 9 (8.5%) | 2 (3.0%) | 11 (6.4%) | 0.15 |
| Usual activities,* n (%) | 22 (20.8%) | 12 (17.9%) | 34 (19.7%) | 0.65 |
| Pain/Discomfort,* n (%) | 29 (27.4%) | 13 (19.4%) | 42 (24.3%) | 0.24 |
| Anxiety/Depression,* n (%) | 84 (79.3%) | 38 (56.7%) | 122 (70.5%) | 0.002 |
| EQ-5D-5L index score, Median (IQR) | 0.87 (0.80–0.93) | 0.93 (0.88–1.00) | 0.93 (0.85–0.94) | 0.002 |
| VAS score, Median (IQR) | 95 (85–99) | 95 (90–100) | 95 (90–100) | 0.20 |
Note: *Having problems.
Abbreviations: HRQoL, health-related quality-of-life; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; DASS21, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 Items; IQR, interquartile range; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale – Revised; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; EQ-5D-5L, European Quality of Life-Five Dimension-Five Level Scale; VAS, Visual Analog Scale.