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. 2020 Dec 11;11:6373. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20084-5

Fig. 3. TEM and EDS analyses of pristine amorphous CNF evolution during Joule heating.

Fig. 3

a TEM image of original CNF without salt loading is shown. The corresponding SAED pattern displays diffusive rings, which is a characteristic of an amorphous structure. Scale bar is 50 nm. b TEM image of wrinkled CNF achieved after Joule heating, where the SAED pattern shows sharp rings, corresponding to T-graphite. Scale bar is 50 nm. c HRTEM image of the wrinkled structure and d quantitative EDS analysis of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen content in a CNF before and after Joule heating. e Amorphous CNF evolution during Joule heating and typical routes of N and O removal at high temperature.