TABLE 4:

Aquaporin-directed natural product therapeutics for different lung pathologies

Natural Therapeutic candidate	Lung Disease Model tested	Therapeutic effects observed	Lung AQP regulated	Source reference
1. Acute Lung Injury
Dachengqi decoction (traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory property)	LPS-induced ALI rat model	Anti-inflammatory effects -Suppressed TLR4 pathway -Inhibited cytokines; Reduction of lung edema	AQP1↑ AQP5↑	[174]
Dai-Huang-Fu-Zi-Tang (DHFZT- a Traditional Chinese prescription for GI ailments (Acute pancreatitis, Cholecystalgia, Obstruction)	Na-taurocholate induced Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-associated ALI rat model	Anti-inflammatory effects -Suppressed proinflammatory cytokines - Enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine; Reduction of lung edema	AQP1↑ AQP5↑	[175]
Qing Ying Tang (a Traditional Chinese medicine used for septicemia and immune diseases)	SAP-induced ALI rat model	Suppression of inflammation (TNF-α); Reduction of lung edema	AQP1↑	[176]
Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (Ginaton)- a traditional Chinese medicine used for Ischemic cerebrovascular disease	Ischemic/Reperfusion Lung injury rat model	Pretreatment with Ginaton reduced the ALI symptoms	AQP1↑	[177]
2. Lung Inflammatory conditions (Asthma, COPD, etc.)
Ziziphora clinopodioides extract (Traditional medication plant with anti-asthmatic activity)	OVA-induced allergic asthma mouse model	Anti-inflammatory effects -Downregulated IL-4 and IL-5 -Attenuated leukocytes in blood and BALF Ameliorated lung edema	AQP1↑ AQP5↑	[178]
San-Ao Decoction (a traditional Chinese anti-asthmatic prescription developed from Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang)	OVA-induced Bronchial asthma mouse model	Urine volume regulated (increased); AQPs 1&2 in kidneys downregulated via ET-1, NO, and AngII; Weakened airway resistance	AQP1↓ AQP2↓ (kidneys)	[92]
Pistacia integerrima extract (a traditional Indian medicine for cough, asthma, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea)	OVA-induced allergic asthma mouse model	Anti-asthmatic activity -Reduction in TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-5; Reduction in pulmonary edema	AQP1↑ AQP5↑	[179]
Abnormal Savda Munziq (Herbal Preparation of Traditional Uighur/Chinese Medicine used for asthma, digestive cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases)	Fumigation/Elastase-induced COPD rat model	Improved pulmonary function	AQP1↑ AQP4↑ AQP5↑	[180]