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. 2019 Dec 27;3(1):9–19. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0027

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Intestinal organoids are generated from either isolated intestinal stem cells or human embryonic stem cells (ESCs)/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. Lgr5+ cells isolated from collected tissue are embedded in a three-dimensional (3D)-Matrigel suspension culture and grow into organized epithelial organoids. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) differentiate into CDX2 expressing spheroids containing endoderm and mesoderm and subsequently grow in Matrigel (HIOs). Mini-Guts are self-organized from PSCs in a xenogeneic-free culture condition. The Mini-Guts contain intestinal epithelium and mesenchymal layers, with the epithelial layer as an outer layer. LGR5+, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 positive; LS, luminal side.