Skip to main content
. 2020 Nov 30;11:617237. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.617237

Figure 2.

Figure 2

TOR gene expression in C. lividipennis in response to amino acid (AA) signals. Columns represent gene expression in C. lividipennis supplied with an artificial diet containing the following AAs:+AAs (+Ala, +Arg, +Lys, +Ser, +Pro, and +Thr), without −AAs (−6 AAs: −Ala, −Arg, −Lys, −Ser, −Pro, and −Thr), or lacking individual AAs (−1 AA: −Ala, −Arg, −Lys, −Ser, −Pro, or −Thr). Panels (A–E) show mean expression levels of Rheb, TOR, S6K, TSC1, and TSC2 as measured by qPCR at DAE; β-actin was used as a reference gene. Panel (F) shows the phosphorylation status of S6K in adult females (n = 15) by western blot analysis. Antiserum to β-actin was used as a loading control. Each treatment and control represent three independent biological replicates, and error bars show means ± SEM. Columns labeled with different letters indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 by the Student’s t-test.