Table 4.
Direction of Results by Study Type in Percent
| Study Type | Level of Evidence | Number of Studies | In Percent | Direction of the Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Neutral | Ambivalent | ||||
| RCT | 1b | 20 | 16.3 | 60.0 | 30.0 | 10.0 |
| Pilot RCT | 2 | 4 | 3.3 | 75.0 | 25.0 | |
| Quasi-experiment | 2 | 34 | 27.6 | 76.4 | 14.7 | 8.8 |
| Case-control study | 3 | 1 | 0.8 | 100.0 | ||
| Cohort study | 3 | 1 | 0.8 | 100.0 | ||
| Mixed methods | 4 | 6 | 4.1 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 50.0 |
| Cross-sectional study | 4 | 8 | 6.5 | 75.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Case study | 4 | 23 | 18.7 | 78.3 | 4.3 | 17.4 |
| Qualitative study | 4 | 13 | 10.6 | 76.9 | 23.1 | |
| User study | 4 | 13 | 10.6 | 92.3 | 7.7 | |
| Total | 123 | 100.0 | 74.0 | 11.4 | 14.6 | |