Table 4.
(A) Mediation analysis with SEM (structural equation modeling) examining the indirect effects of gender and age group on adoption of prevention behaviors (PB) through cognitive factors (study 1, N = 2,000); (B) Mediation analysis with SEM (structural equation modeling) examining the indirect effects of gender and age group on adoption of prevention behaviors (PB) through cognitive factors (study 2, N = 2,003).
| Indirect effect | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV | M | Coeff. | S.E. | Z | p-value | CI (95%) inf sup | % of total effect | ||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||
| Gender | Perceived effectiveness of PB | 0.061 | 0.013 | 4.61 | 0.000 | 0.035 | 0.087 | 28.4% | |||||||
| Gender | Subjective norms | 0.022 | 0.006 | 3.84 | 0.000 | 0.011 | 0.034 | 10.3% | |||||||
| Gender | Perceived cause of infection | 0.015 | 0.005 | 2.92 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.024 | 6.8% | CI (95%) | ||||||
| Gender | Perceived susceptibility | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.96 | 0.335 | −0.002 | 0.005 | 0.7% | Coeff. | S.E. | Z | p-value | inf | sup | |
| Gender | Perceived severity | 0.015 | 0.005 | 3.04 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.025 | 7.0% | Direct effect | 0.101 | 0.031 | 3.23 | 0.001 | 0.040 | 0.162 |
| Total indirect effect | 0.115 | 0.016 | 7.34 | 0.000 | 0.084 | 0.145 | 53.2% | Total effect | 0.216 | 0.034 | 6.33 | 0.000 | 0.149 | 0.282 | |
| Age group | Perceived effectiveness of PB | 0.223 | 0.089 | 2.50 | 0.012 | 0.048 | 0.397 | 20.4% | |||||||
| Age group | Subjective norms | 0.098 | 0.037 | 2.65 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 0.170 | 8.9% | |||||||
| Age group | Perceived cause of infection | 0.108 | 0.034 | 3.16 | 0.002 | 0.041 | 0.175 | 9.9% | CI (95%) | ||||||
| Age group | Perceived susceptibility | 0.057 | 0.025 | 2.30 | 0.021 | 0.008 | 0.106 | 5.2% | Coeff. | S.E. | Z | p-value | inf | sup | |
| Age group | Perceived severity | 0.074 | 0.027 | 2.75 | 0.006 | 0.021 | 0.126 | 6.8% | Direct effect | 0.533 | 0.209 | 2.55 | 0.011 | 0.124 | 0.942 |
| Total indirect effect | 0.559 | 0.106 | 5.26 | 0.000 | 0.351 | 0.768 | 51.2% | Total effect | 1.092 | 0.230 | 4.75 | 0.000 | 0.642 | 1.543 | |
| (B) | |||||||||||||||
| Gender | Subjective norms | 0.141 | 0.026 | 5.40 | 0.000 | 0.090 | 0.192 | 24.0% | |||||||
| Gender | Perceived behavioral control | 0.070 | 0.016 | 4.51 | 0.000 | 0.040 | 0.101 | 11.9% | |||||||
| Gender | Perceived cause of infection | 0.007 | 0.006 | 1.14 | 0.254 | −0.005 | 0.018 | 1.1% | |||||||
| Gender | Perceived barriers of PB | 0.038 | 0.011 | 3.43 | 0.001 | 0.016 | 0.059 | 6.4% | CI (95%) | ||||||
| Gender | Perceived effectiveness of PB | 0.011 | 0.006 | 1.74 | 0.082 | −0.001 | 0.024 | 1.9% | Coeff. | S.E. | Z | p-value | inf | sup | |
| Gender | Perceived severity | 0.030 | 0.010 | 3.07 | 0.002 | 0.011 | 0.049 | 5.1% | Direct effect | 0.291 | 0.064 | 4.56 | 0.000 | 0.166 | 0.415 |
| Total indirect effect | 0.296 | 0.033 | 8.98 | 0.000 | 0.231 | 0.361 | 50.5% | Total effect | 0.587 | 0.069 | 8.48 | 0.000 | 0.451 | 0.722 | |
| Age group | Subjective norms | 0.540 | 0.180 | 2.99 | 0.003 | 0.186 | 0.894 | 24.7% | |||||||
| Age group | Perceived behavioral control | -0.027 | 0.097 | −0.280 | 0.778 | −0.218 | 0.163 | −1.3% | |||||||
| Age group | Perceived cause of infection | −0.045 | 0.043 | −1.06 | 0.290 | −0.129 | 0.039 | −2.1% | |||||||
| Age group | Perceived barriers of PB | 0.059 | 0.048 | 1.23 | 0.219 | −0.035 | 0.152 | 2.7% | CI (95%) | ||||||
| Age group | Perceived effectiveness of PB | 0.043 | 0.031 | 1.42 | 0.157 | −0.017 | 0.103 | 2,0% | Coeff. | S.E. | Z | p-value | inf | sup | |
| Age group | Perceived severity | 0.256 | 0.074 | 3.44 | 0.001 | 0.110 | 0.401 | 11.7% | Direct effect | 1.365 | 0.450 | 3.04 | 0.002 | 0.484 | 2.249 |
| Total indirect effect | 0.825 | 0.228 | 3.62 | 0.000 | 0.378 | 1.272 | 37.7% | Total effect | 2.190 | 0.496 | 4.41 | 0.000 | 1.217 | 3.162 | |
IV, independent variable; M, potential mediator; DV, dependent variable (number of preventive behaviors adopted).