Table 3.
Diagnostic/prognostic role of miRNAs in renal cancer.
| Samples | Area under curve | Sensitivity | Specificity | Kaplan-Meier analysis | Univariate cox regression | Multivariate cox regression | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 96 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | 0.675 for miRNA-135a-5p | 45.5% | 81.1% | Patients with lower expression of miRNA-135a-5p have higher metachronous metastasis. | Tumor necrosis, pT stage, Fuhrman grade, vascular invasion and lower miRNA-135a-5p levels were correlated with metachronous metastasis. | - | (80) |
| 30 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | 0.905 for miR-720 |
80% | 100% | Low expression of miR-720 indicated higher OS. | - | - | (32) |
| 87 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Higher level of miR-124-3p was associated with better OS. Higher level of miR-200c-3p was associated with lower DFS and OS. |
- | - | (82) |
| 75 tumor tissues and 40 normal tissues | - | – | – | Higher miR‐766–3p levels were associated with better 5‐year OS. | A lower miR‐766–3p expression, a higher tumor size and a higher clinical T stage were associated with OS. | A lower miR‐766–3p expression was correlated with OS. | (84) |
| 40 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs And 516 ccRCC patients from the TCGA database | - | – | – | Low miR-30a-5p expression was associated with short OS. | - | miR-30a-50p may be a prognostic marker in ccRCC patients. | (85) |
| 69 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | 0.735 for miR-129-3p | 75.9 % | 62.1 % | miR-129-3p expression levels were associated with OS and DFS. | - | - | (86) |
| 40 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Lower miR-99a expression level was correlated with decreased OS of RCC patients. | - | - | (87) |
| Plasma samples from 54 RCC patients and 50 healthy individuals | 0.70 for miR-210, 0.62 for miR-221, 0.61 for miR-1233 | 60.9% for miR-210, 71.4% for miR-221, 39.1% for miR-1233 | 73.1% for miR-210, 65% for miR-221, 92.6% for miR-1233 | Patients with higher levels of miR-210 and miR-1233 display a significantly lower cancer-specific survival. | - | - | (33) |
| 148 ccRCC tissue samples along with 60 ANTTs | Patients with high miR‐122 levels display a significantly lower metastasis‐free survival rates than those with low miR‐122 levels. | High miR‐122 level is a poor prognostic factor for metastasis | High miR‐122 is an independent prognostic factor from gender, age, BMI, overall TNM, tumor size, grade and staging. | (34) | |||
| 276 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | patients with high miR‐125b expression had a poorer survival rate | High miR‐125b level was associated with shorter RFS. | Fuhrman grade, T stage and miR‐125b levels are independent prognostic factors for RFS. | (35) |
| Serum samples from 195 RCC patient and 100 healthy persons | 0.85 for combination of miR-378 and miR-210 | 80% for combination of miR-378 and miR-210 | 78% for combination of miR-378 and miR-210 | There were correlations between high serum miR-378 expression and clinical stage, and between miR-378 expression and DFS. | - | - | (36) |
| Serum samples from 68 ccRCC, 47 BRT, and 28 healthy controls | 0.733 for the combination of miR-122-5p and miR-206 | 83.8% for the combination of miR-122-5p and miR-206 | 57.1% for the combination of miR-122-5p and miR-206 | miR-122-5p and miR-206 expressions were associated with patients’ survival. | Increased miR-122-5p and miR-206 serum levels were associated with lower progression-free, cancer-specific, and OS. | miR-206 expression in serum has independent prognostic value in RCC. | (92) |
| 40 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | miR-203a was negatively correlated with outcome of RCC patients. |
High miR-203a level was associated with higher pathological stage and shorter OS after radical nephrectomy. | High miR-203a level in RCC tissues suggests risk of RCC recurrence. | (39) |
| 264 paired samples from primary ccRCC and 20 paired samples from metastatic ccRCC | miR-126 positivity was correlated with significantly higher DFS and OS. | Higher miR-126 expression associated with higher DFS and OS. | (53) | ||||
| 57 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | miR-221 up-regulation was correlated with a poor PFS. | - | - | (43) |
| 262 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | Patients with higher miR-10b have longer DFS and OS compared with patients with lower miR-10b. | Patients with overexpressed miR-10b have higher DFS and OS. | Tumors with high miR-10b were associated with high DFS in comparison with tumors with low miR-10b. | (84) | |||
| 156 nephrectomy and 46 kidney biopsy specimens | 0.895 for combination of miR‐10a‐5p, miR‐10b‐5p, and miR‐223‐3p | 86.7% for combination of miR‐10a‐5p, miR‐10b‐5p, and miR‐223‐3p | 75% for combination of miR‐10a‐5p, miR‐10b‐5p, and miR‐223‐3p | Overexpression of miR‐10a‐5p and miR‐10b‐5p and down-regulation of miR‐223‐3p were significantly correlated with survival. | High grade, high stage, lower BMI, low miR‐10a‐5p, low miR‐10b‐5p, and high miR‐223‐3p expression were associated with death. | Stage, BMI, miR‐10a‐5p, and miR‐223‐3p expression were independent predictors of death. | (44) |
| 53 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | 0.954 for miR-182-5p | 90% for miR-182-5p | 97% for miR-182-5p | - | Down-regulation of miR-182-5p was associated with an increase in Fuhrman grade. | - | (99) |
| 120 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Low expression of miR-144-3p was significantly correlated with poor survival in RCC patients. | - | - | (100) |
| 67 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Patients with lower miR-138 had worse OS and DFS than those with higher miR-138. | - | - | (101) |
| 59 normal kidney and 54 tumor specimens; and 38 paired samples from cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | 80% for combination of miR-21 and miR-194 | 97.5% for combination of miR-21 and miR-194 | Lower expression of miRNA combinations (miR-21+194 miR-21+142-5p+194); was significantly associated with higher risk for metastasis. | miR-21 and miR-142-5p positively and miR-194 negatively associated with metastasis miRNA combinations (miR-21+194 and miR-21+142-5p+194). negatively associated with metastasis. | The miRNA combinations (miR-21+194; miR-21+142-5p+194) predicted metastasis. | (45) |
| 234 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | Higher expression of miR‐194 significantly associated with longer DFS and OS compared to lower expression levels. | miR‐194‐positive patients had longer DFS and OS. | miR‐194‐positive patients significantly associated with longer DFS and OS compared to those who are miR‐194‐negative | (103) | |||
| 20 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | High expression of miR-106b-5p associated with poor OS. | - | - | (49) |
| 187 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Higher expression levels of miR-429 were correlated with longer DFS and OS. | - | - | (104) |
| 123 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | 0.799 for hsa-miR-27b, 0.793 for hsa-miR-23b and 0.800 for hsa-miR-628-5p |
– | – | Patients with overexpression of miR-628-5p and miR-27b have higher survival. | (49) | ||
| 284 (264 primary and 20 metastatic ccRCC) paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Patients with higher miR-210 expression had significantly lower DFS and OS. | - | miR-210 was not an independent prognostic marker for survival. | (53) |
| 249 cancer tissues and 71 ANTTs | - | – | – | Down-regulation of miR-30a-5p and up-regulation of GRP78 were associated with shorter OS. | miR-30a-5p, TNM stage and grade, were independent prognostic factors for patients’ survival. | miR-30a-5p, TNM stage and grade were independent prognostic factors for patients’ survival. | (107) |
| 45 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Up-regulation of miR-29b was significantly correlated with TNM stage and OS. | - | - | (59) |
| 90 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Low level of miR-203 was associated with shorter OS. | OS of ccRCC patients was correlated with miR-203 expression level, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and histological grade. | Level of miR-203, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and histological grade were independent prognostic factors for OS. | (112) |
| 15 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Down-regulation of miR-210-3p and up-regulation of TWIST1were correlated with poorer OS and DFS. | - | - | (60) |
| Serum samples from 82 ccRCC patients and 80 healthy controls | 0.69 for miR-210 0.82 for miR-1233 |
70% for miR-210 81% for miR-1233 |
62.2% for miR-210 76% for miR-1233 |
- | - | - | (61) |
| 51 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Down-regulation of miR-451 was associated with poor survival. | - | - | (115) |
| 42 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | High expression of miR-18a-5p was associated with poor survival. | Patients with higher miR-18a-5p expression had lower OS compared to patients with lower miR-18a-5p expression. | Down-regulation of miR-18a-5p was associated with better survival. | (62) |
| 86 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | Down-regulation of miR-497 was correlated with poor OS. | The OS of ccRCC patients was correlated with miR-497 expression, histological grade, tumor stage, and lymph node metastases. | miR-497 expression, tumor stage, histological grade, and lymph node metastases were correlated with OS. | (116) | |||
| 516 tumor samples and 71 ANTTs | - | – | – | Up-regulation of miR-301a was associated with poor OS. | miR-301a is an independent prognostic marker for RCC patients. | miR-301a is an independent prognostic marker for RCC patients. | (22) |
| 60 paired cancer tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Low expression of miR-206 was associated with poor OS. | - | miR-206, CDK6, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis as independent prognostic factors. | (73) |
| 67 paired ccRCC tissues and ANTTs | - | – | – | Low level of miR‐143 was associated with poor OS. | - | - | (74) |
| 18 clinical ccRCC tissue samples/5 patients with resistant to several tyrosine kinase inhibitor | - | – | – | Low expressions of miR‐101‐5p and miR‐101‐3p were correlated with high pathological grade, poor DFS and OS. | - | - | (127) |
| PRCC (292 tumor tissues and 34 normal) and ccRCC (545 tumor tissues and 71 normal), from TCGA database |
- | – | – | High expression of miR-1293 was associated with poor OS. | - | - | (25) |
| 90 primary ccRCC tissues and 90 ANTTs | - | – | – | High expression of miR-671-5p was associated with poor OS. . |
miR-671-5p expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS. | miR-671-5p expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS. | (29) |
| 114 paired ccRCC tissues and ANTTs and urine samples | - | – | – | High expression of miR-592 was associated with poor OS. | - | Expression of miR-592 and TNM stage were correlated with OS. | (31) |
| 480 paired ccRCC tissues and ANTTs and urine samples | - | – | – | High expression of miR-22 was associated with poor OS. | - | - | (23) |
ANNTs adjacent non-tumoral tissues OS overall survival RFS, relapse-free survival; DFS, disease-free survival.