Table 1.
Baseline Patient/Operative Characteristicsa.
| One Level | Two Levels | Three or More Levels | All Patients | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/Mean | %/(SD) | N/Mean | %/(SD) | N/Mean | %/(SD) | N/Mean | %/(SD) | ||
| Overall | 203 | 64.24% | 95 | 30.06% | 18 | 5.70% | 316 | 100% | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age | 64.78 | (10.57) | 64.87 | (8.77) | 69.22 | (8.59) | 65.06 | (9.98) | .190 |
| Body mass index | 31.43 | (6.29) | 31.96 | (6.64) | 29.09 | (5.52) | 31.47 | (6.37) | .249 |
| Pain duration (months) | 40.78 | (63.40) | 31.38 | (36.51) | 86.88 | (139.69) | 40.44 | (64.20) | .006 |
| Female sex | 130 | 64.04 | 65 | 68.42 | 13 | 72.22 | 208 | 65.82 | .638 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23 | 11.33 | 11 | 11.58 | 1 | 5.56 | 35 | 11.08 | .743 |
| Current smoker | 23 | 11.5 | 9 | 9.68 | 2 | 11.11 | 34 | 10.93 | .897 |
| History of psychiatric condition | 23 | 11.5 | 13 | 13.98 | 4 | 22.22 | 40 | 12.86 | .398 |
| Preoperative opiate use | 47 | 23.5 | 18 | 19.35 | 8 | 44.44 | 73 | 23.47 | .071 |
| ASA ≥ 3 | 100 | 49.26 | 37 | 38.95 | 7 | 38.89 | 144 | 45.57 | .210 |
| Spondylolisthesis | |||||||||
| Grade 1 | 166 | 81.77 | 75 | 78.95 | 15 | 83.33 | 256 | 81.01 | .818 |
| Grade 2 | 13 | 6.4 | 9 | 9.47 | 1 | 5.56 | 23 | 7.28 | .610 |
| Duration of Follow-up (months) | 18.43 | (12.05) | 26.10 | (21.96) | 22.50 | (19.44) | 21.27 | (16.76) | .061 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.
a Bolded text indicates statistically significant values at P < .05.