Table 2.
Radiographic Measurements: Single-Level Degenerative Spondylolisthesis as Reference.a
| One Level, Mean (SD) | Two Levels, Mean (SD) | Three or More Levels, Mean (SD) | Two Levels (vs One) Multivariate Linear Regression | Three or More Levels (vs One) Multivariate Linear Regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | P | Beta | P | ||||
| Preoperative | |||||||
| Lumbar lordosis | −47.37 (15.04) | -46.75 (16.39) | -37.32 (17.08) | 1.86 | .474 | 12.77 | .015 |
| Pelvic tilt | 24.50 (13.08) | 27.19 (13.47) | 32.76 (15.90) | 3.23 | .202 | 11.88 | .031 |
| Pelvic incidence | 54.44 (14.99) | 55.03 (16.95) | 46.28 (21.74) | −0.63 | .834 | −11.83 | .073 |
| PI-LL difference | 6.60 (12.56) | 8.97 (17.77) | 2.12 (23.00) | 2.26 | .434 | −7.34 | .237 |
| Postoperative | |||||||
| Lumbar lordosis | −43.76 (17.88) | −45.04 (14.37) | −34.95 (11.87) | −0.51 | .842 | 10.31 | .064 |
| Pelvic tilt | 27.39 (13.92) | 26.78 (11.66) | 37.18 (15.81) | −1.04 | .667 | 11.61 | .021 |
| Pelvic incidence | 55.33 (14.47) | 57.47 (13.54) | 53.08 (18.21) | 0.43 | .866 | −5.05 | .331 |
| PI-LL difference | 11.87 (19.40) | 11.57 (16.90) | 17.45 (20.69) | −0.51 | .881 | 3.83 | .581 |
| Final | |||||||
| Lumbar lordosis | −46.60 (21.02) | −43.97 (20.07) | −36.08 (16.60) | 3.90 | .231 | 12.64 | .074 |
| Pelvic tilt | 24.93 (13.93) | 29.49 (13.96) | 30.57 (17.37) | 4.43 | .087 | 8.32 | .234 |
| Pelvic incidence | 53.60 (18.79) | 57.71 (16.36) | 59.06 (13.48) | 3.89 | .229 | 9.52 | .275 |
| PI-LL difference | 7.47 (21.86) | 11.63 (21.64) | 15.19 (14.88) | 4.79 | .222 | 9.11 | .388 |
| Change preoperative to postoperative | |||||||
| Lumbar lordosis | 2.82 (14.67) | 3.18 (9.10) | 1.06 (7.93) | 0.46 | .840 | −3.57 | .445 |
| Pelvic tilt | 1.04 (6.56) | 1.30 (7.59) | 5.14 (5.21) | 0.15 | .912 | 3.38 | .239 |
| Pelvic incidence | 0.22 (6.89) | 1.15 (8.60) | 5.45 (4.85) | 1.41 | .346 | 5.24 | .090 |
| PI-LL difference | 2.24 (8.92) | 4.22 (10.77) | 9.82 (7.53) | 2.80 | .162 | 7.02 | .090 |
| Change postoperative to final | |||||||
| Lumbar lordosis | 0.92 (15.82) | 4.49 (17.94) | 0.63 (9.42) | 4.88 | .083 | −1.77 | .763 |
| Pelvic tilt | −1.10 (7.74) | 1.58 (9.56) | 0.15 (3.90) | 2.54 | .163 | −0.79 | .864 |
| Pelvic incidence | −1.43 (15.59) | 0.58 (9.10) | 3.10 (3.32) | 2.58 | .358 | 8.99 | .209 |
| PI-LL difference | −2.26 (16.65) | 4.32 (14.70) | 2.68 (9.92) | 6.89 | .039 | 6.05 | .469 |
| Change preoperative to final | |||||||
| Lumbar lordosis | −2.36 (20.90) | 0.82 (15.61) | 0.29 (5.52) | 3.67 | .221 | 4.76 | .483 |
| Pelvic tilt | −2.31 (8.15) | 0.04 (4.83) | −5.17 (7.35) | 2.61 | .065 | −3.06 | .434 |
| Pelvic incidence | −1.48 (13.60) | −0.00 (6.44) | −4.25 (6.35) | 2.02 | .369 | −0.16 | .980 |
| PI-LL difference | −2.87 (21.56) | 0.64 (14.74) | −6.65 (8.19) | 4.65 | .221 | −2.80 | .791 |
| Postoperative length of stay (days) | 3.82 (1.77) | 3.80 (1.62) | 4.72 (2.42) | −0.03 | .88 | 0.878 | .83 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; PI, pelvic incidence; LL, lumbar lordosis.
aBolded text indicates statistically significant values at P < .05.