Figure 3.

Alteration of the host cell cycle induced by Rck is independent of the complete bacteria internalization process. HCT116 cells were treated with either increasing concentrations of cytochalasin D or DMSO as control before infection with MC-RckGFP. (A) Adhesion and invasion levels were then determined and normalized to values obtained with DMSO pretreatment, set at 1. (B, C) Cells were treated with cytochalasin D at 100 ng/ml or DMSO for 30 min and then infected with MC-RckGFP with a MOI of 100 for 1 h. (B) Following the infection, the percentage of infected cells was determined using flow cytometry. (C) At indicated times, cell cycle was analyzed using propidium iodide. Each data represents the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare data from the adhesion/invasion assays (***p < 0.001; DMSO vs. Cytochalasin D) and from the flow cytometry experiments, (*p < 0.05; MC-GFP vs. MC-RckGFP).