. 2020 Aug 10;42(6):540–548. doi: 10.1177/0253717620932250

TABLE 3. Within- and Between-Group Differences (RMANOVA) on Measures at Different Time Points and Effect Sizes Noted in the SMI and TAU Groups on Barriers to Self-care, Illness Perceptions, and Mood.

Variable	SMI Mean (SD)			Within-Group Effects		Effect Size		TAU Mean (SD)			Within-Group Effects		Effect Size		Between-Group Effects
Variable	Pre	Post	F/U	F	Sig (2-Tailed)	Post	F/U	Pre	Post	F/U	F	Sig (2-Tailed)	Post	F/U	F	Sig (2-Tailed)
BSC-diet	4.45 ± 0.99	3.86 ± 0.91	3.78 ± 0.93	63.26^***	0.001	0.62^a	0.69^a	4.24 ± 0.96	4.26 ± 0.98	4.28 ± 0.96	1.44	0.24	0.02	0.04	1.18	0.27
BSC-exercise	3.96 ± 0.89	3.48 ± 0.96	3.38 ± 0.99	40.93^***	0.001	0.51^a	0.61^a	3.87 ± 0.92	3.94 ± 0.92	3.94 ± 0.94	4.35^*	0.02	0.02	0.07	2.22	0.14
BSC-M	2.14 ± 0.97	2.06 ± 0.89	2.01 ± 0.78	5.70^**	0.01	0.08	0.14	1.99 ± 0.67	2.01 ± 0.66	2.00 ± 0.65	0.22	0.63	0.01	0.01	0.20	0.65
BSC-GT	2.64 ± 1.29	2.52 ± 1.25	2.49 ± 1.24	3.68^*	0.04	0.10	0.07	2.73 ± 1.74	2.73 ± 1.74	2.73 ± 1.74	0.59	0.48	0.005	0.011	0.28	0.59
BSC-GEN	3.64 ± 0.68	3.37 ± 0.71	3.30 ± 0.77	18.58^***	0.001	0.38	0.51^a	3.50 ± 0.86	3.51 ± 0.88	3.53 ± 0.87	0.59	0.50	0.011	0.03	0.19	0.66
BSC-total	3.34 ± 0.77	3.06 ± 0.72	3.00 ± 0.69	31.72^***	0.001	0.37	0.50^a	3.26 ± 0.75	3.30 ± 0.75	3.31 ± 0.75	4.26^*	0.01	0.05	0.06	0.85	0.35
IPQ-I	3.57 ± 2.46	3.10 ± 1.94	2.98 ± 1.77	5.39^**	0.001	0.18	0.02	3.25 ± 2.38	3.60 ± 2.42	3.55 ± 2.34	6.52^**	0.007	0.14	0.13	0.26	0.60
IPQ-T	23.85 ± 3.66	25.17 ± 3.09	25.47 ± 2.44	8.69^**	0.002	0.38	0.54^a	23.63 ± 3.34	23.63 ± 3.24	23.62 ± 3.22	0.001	1.00	0.003	0.003	3.23	0.07
IPQ-C	24.28 ± 3.32	24.38 ± 3.15	24.38 ± 3.20	0.18	0.69	0.03	0.03	24.05 ± 2.81	23.97 ± 2.87	23.95 ± 2.75	0.45	0.59	0.02	0.03	0.27	0.60
IPQ-PC	19.50 ± 3.53	23.40 ± 3.35	23.93 ± 3.72	39.71^***	0.001	1.14	1.23	20.47 ± 4.29	20.45 ± 4.27	20.50 ± 4.28	0.42	0.60	0.004	0.007	4.80	0.03^*
IPQ-TC	15.25 ± 2.18	18.10 ± 2.67	18.30 ± 2.77	45.45^***	0.001	1.20^a	1.26^a	15.73 ± 2.44	15.62 ± 2.44	15.68 ± 2.47	0.49	0.50	0.017	0.02	8.85	0.004^**
IPQ-IC	14.70 ± 4.12	17.67 ± 2.93	17.97 ± 2.91	31.91^***	0.001	0.83^a	0.92^a	15.25 ± 3.84	15.18 ± 4.08	15.20 ± 4.08	0.26	0.62	0.03	0.012	4.04	0.04^*
IPQ- CYC	13.30 ± 2.25	13.60 ± 2.43	13.18 ± 2.18	1.50	0.23	0.13	0.05	13.17 ± 2.65	13.27 ± 2.56	13.25 ± 2.55	1.08	0.32	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.81
IPQ-ER	22.72 ± 2.51	19.67 ± 2.57	18.78 ± 3.00	51.33^***	0.001	1.21^a	1.42^a	22.57 ± 2.14	22.60 ± 2.45	22.73 ± 2.40	0.81	0.44	0.04	0.08	19.37	0.001^***
HADS-D	4.15 ± 3.07	3.13 ± 2.59	2.60 ± 2.29	22.13^***	0.001	0.36	0.58^a	4.18 ± 2.73	4.07 ± 2.65	4.18 ± 2.65	0.47	0.54	0.04	0.003	2.15	0.14
HADS-A	4.65 ± 1.96	3.90 ± 1.61	3.38 ± 1.42	30.63^***	0.001	0.42	0.81^a	4.05 ± 2.98	4.05 ± 2.68	4.02 ± 2.61	0.02	0.92	0.003	0.010	0.91	0.89

BSC: barriers to self-care, IPQ: illness perception questionnaire, CYC: cyclical, T: timeline, C: consequences, PC: personal control, TC: treatment control, HADS: hospital anxiety and depression scale, D: depression, Anx: anxiety >0.20: small effect size, >0.50: medium effect size, >0.80: large effect size. aModerate to large effect size. Higher scores indicate better QoL. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.