Table 1.

Studies Included in the Present Review in Order of Year Published 2008-2017

Author(s)	Date	Study type	n	Dependent variable	Comment
Gardner-Nix-Nix et al.[10]	2008	Pseudo-random	215	QOL Pain catastrophizing Pain severity	Assignment based on location; online
Esmer and Blum[13]	2010	RCT	25	Pain severity, functionality, sleep, and medication use	Small sample size
Sherman et al.[8]	2011	RCT	228	Functionality and Pain Bothersomeness	Use of 2nd exercise modality further delineates results
Ussher et al.[14]	2012	RCT	55	Pain severity, pain-related distress Perceived ability to perform ADLs, social functioning	Brief intervention
Doran[9]	2014	Longitudinal	16	Subjective sense of control over and relationship to pain	Longitudinal design, small sample size
Nambi et al.[7]	2014	RCT	60	Pain intensity, health-related QOL	Nonyoga exercise group not included
Banth and Ardebil[6]	2015	RCT	88	Pain quality and intensity	All female participants
la Cour and Petersen[15]	2015	RCT	107	Pain, functionality, mental function, pain acceptance, and QOL	Long follow-up with high completion rate
Cherkin et al.[4]	2016	RCT	341	Pain severity, functionality, depression, anxiety, pain improvement, physical and mental general health	Large sample size; 20% loss of participants at follow-up
Henriksson et al.[3]	2016	RCT	107	Mindfulness skills, pain level, severity, interference, suffering, acceptance, life satisfaction	Online training
Morone et al.[5]	2016	RCT	282	Pain severity, QOL, depression, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, mindfulness	Low follow-up attendance
Ardito et al.[11]	2017	Pseudo-random	28	Pain severity, depression, and cortisol levels	Group assignment based on enrollment date; cortisol only measured in MBSR group; not clinically meaningful

RCT=Randomized control trial, QOL=Quality of life, ADL=Activities of daily living, MBSR=Mindfulness-based stress reduction