Table 2.
Service utilization before, during, and after 180+ day episode (N=1182)*
| Service type | Outpatient commitment group (N=591) | Comparison group (N=591)+ | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before start | During | After end | Before start | During | After end | |||||||
| Hospitalization | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Inpatient days | ||||||||||||
| Involuntary | 47.3 | 55.4 | NA | NA | 17.0 | 32.0 | 25.8 | 33.0 | NA | NA | 5.9 | 14.4 |
| Voluntary | 9.1 | 27.1 | NA | NA | 2.6 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 25.6 | NA | NA | 4.5 | 18.1 |
| Total | 56.4 | 82.5 | NA | NA | 19.6 | 40.4 | 37.2 | 58.6 | NA | NA | 10.4 | 32.5 |
| Number of admissions | ||||||||||||
| Involuntary | 1.3 | 0.9 | NA | NA | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | NA | NA | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Voluntary | 0.3 | 0.6 | NA | NA | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | NA | NA | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Total | 1.7 | 1.5 | NA | NA | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | NA | NA | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| Average length of stay in days | ||||||||||||
| Involuntary | 24.0 | 34.6 | NA | NA | 7.0 | 14.1 | 19.4 | 24.5 | NA | NA | 4.3 | 10.5 |
| Voluntary | 5.9 | 22.6 | NA | NA | 1.8 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 15.7 | NA | NA | 2.6 | 13.4 |
| Community treatment days | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary | 18.3 | 22.2 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 19.9 | 26.5 | 11.7 | 17.4 | 41.8 | 24.7 | 18.1 | 22.3 |
| Involuntary+ | 9.2 | 17.9 | 42.3 | 32.7 | 21.2 | 34.4 | 1.5 | 2.9 | .5 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 2.4 |
| Totals | 27.5 | 40.2 | 42.8 | 32.3 | 41.1 | 61.0 | 13.3 | 20.2 | 42.0 | 24.6 | 18.8 | 24.7 |
*
Expressed as mean average units per year capped at the maximum number of service units the individual received. Differences between the before and after periods are all significant, p<.001, df=591, with the exception of the observed differences in voluntary community treatment days between baseline and each after comparison period—the latter increases were not significant.
+
The few involuntary community treatment days of the comparison group reflect involvement of community-based staff during an involuntary hospitalization to ensure continuity of care.