Table 2.
Multivariable analysis of CSS† for squamous cell carcinoma and all other types of NSCLC‡, SEER-Medicare, 2007–2015
| Characteristics | Squamous cell carcinoma NSCLC (N = 11 257) | All other NSCLC (N = 25 001) |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Hazard ratio 95% CI | |
| Age | ||
| 66–69 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| 70–74 | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.08) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) |
| 75 and older | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.15) | 1.13* (1.07 to 1.19) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Female | 0.85* (0.79 to 0.91) | 0.76* (0.73 to 0.80) |
| Race or ethnicity | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Black non-Hispanic | 0.84* (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.89* (0.83 to 0.96) |
| Hispanic | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.11) | 0.91* (0.83 to 0.99) |
| Other | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.14) | 0.74* (0.68 to 0.81) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married or partnered | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Not married | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.13) | 1.08* (1.03 to 1.13) |
| Patient residence§ | ||
| Urban community | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Nonurban community | 1.10* (1.00 to 1.21) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08) |
| Census tract poverty‖ | ||
| Less than median | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Greater than or equal to median | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) |
| Census tract education | ||
| Less than median | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Greater than or equal to median | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) |
| Charlson Comorbidity | ||
| 0 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| 1 | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 1.09* (1.03 to 1.15) |
| 2 or more | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.07) | 1.13* (1.07 to 1.19) |
| Type of facility | ||
| Nonteaching | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| NCI center | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.04) | 0.76* (0.69 to 0.83) |
| Teaching hospital | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) |
| Initial imaging | ||
| CT alone | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| PET | 0.61* (0.57 to 0.65) | 0.62* (0.60 to 0.65) |
| MRI brain imaging | ||
| No MRI | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| MRI | 1.24* (1.17 to 1.32) | 1.19* (1.14 to 1.24) |
| AJCC Stage Group 6th ed. | ||
| Stage I + | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Stage II | 1.91* (1.65 to 2.22) | 2.58* (2.18 to 3.05) |
| Stage III | 2.79* (2.49 to 3.13) | 3.98* (3.57 to 4.45) |
| Stage IV | 4.79* (4.25 to 5.39) | 6.48* (5.81 to 7.22) |
| Treatment | ||
| No treatment | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Chemotherapy | 0.69* (0.61 to 0.77) | 0.64* (0.60 to 0.69) |
| Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation | 0.33* (0.27 to 0.41) | 0.34* (0.29 to 0.40) |
| Chemotherapy and radiation | 0.57* (0.52 to 0.63) | 0.60* (0.57 to 0.65) |
| Chemotherapy and surgery | 0.16* (0.12 to 0.22) | 0.23* (0.19 to 0.27) |
| Radiation | 0.84* (0.76 to 0.93) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.13) |
| Surgery | 0.29* (0.24 to 0.35) | 0.28* (0.24 to 0.32) |
| Surgery and radiation | 0.62* (0.46 to 0.84) | 0.63* (0.50 to 0.79) |
P < .05. AJCC = American Joint Committee on Cancer; CI = confidence interval; CSS = cancer-specific survival; CT = computerized tomography imaging; MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging; NCI = National Cancer Institute; NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; PET = positron emission tomography imaging; SEER = Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.
CSS was estimated using Cox proportional hazards model.
Year of diagnosis and registry site were included in the multivariable analysis.
Urban or rural classification is based on US Department of Agriculture’s Rural Urban Commuting Area Codes.
Area-level poverty defined at the census tract, and for those with few observations area level is at the zip code.