Table 5.
MTAs in cancer models.
| Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants/bioactive component | Models/clinical trials | Dosage | Effects/mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SkQ1 | HT1080 cells | 40 nmol/L in culture medium | (1) Suppressed cell growth and prolonged cell mitosis (2) Induced distribution and activation of Aurora family kinases |
[132] |
| Tumor cells in culture or mouse models | 40 nmol/L in culture medium; 250 nmol/kg∗bodyweight | (1) Decreased cell growth and the weight of subcutaneous tumors (2) Prolonged cell mitosis and apoptosis |
[132] | |
| p53(-/-) mice | 5 nmol/kg∗bodyweight per day | (1) Delayed appearance of tumors (2) Inhibited the growth of xenografts tumors and angiogenesis |
[133] | |
| BALB/c mice in SPF environment | 1 and 30 nmol/kg∗bodyweight per day | (1) Decreased the incidence of spontaneous cancers at the dosage of 30 nmol/kg∗bodyweight (2) Suppressed the cancer dissemination at 1 nmol/kg∗bodyweight dosage |
[134] | |
| Benzopyrene-induced carcinogenesis in SHR mice | 5 and 50 nmol/kg∗bodyweight per day | (1) Inhibited tumor growth (2) Dose-dependent effects were observed |
[135] | |
|
| ||||
| KRSH | HeLa and MCF-7 cells | 50 nmol/L in culture medium | (1) Inhibited greater tumor cell growth than the normal cells (2) Increased apoptosis of HeLa and MCF-7 cells, but not of MCF10A cells (3) Accumulated in mitochondria and increased mitochondrial depolarization |
[136] |
|
| ||||
| Mito-TEMPO | N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in BALB/c mice | 0.1 mg/kg∗bodyweight weekly | (1) Increased animal survival ratio and decreased tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (2) Rescued the gap junctions and gap junctional intercellular communication of tumor cells |
[137] |
Notes: HeLa cells: cervical cancer cell line taken from Henrietta Lacks; HT1080: human sarcoma cell line; MCF-7: breast cancer cell line that consisted of the acronym of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7; p53: tumor protein p53; SPF; specific pathogen free.