Table 1.

Outcome measures at 11 years.

Category, method		Measure	Child (11 years old)	Parent
Anthropometry
	International Growth Reference [50]	Height, weight, BMI-for-age z score	√	N/Aa
	International Growth Reference [50]	BMI	√	N/A
	Calculated BMI z-score ≥85th but ≤95th percentile	Prevalence of overweight	√	N/A
	BMI z-score ≥95th percentile [50]	Prevalence of obesity	√	N/A
Blood pressure (BP)
	Automated BP Monitor (Omron)	Systolic and diastolic BP	√	N/A
Body composition and bone health
	DXAb scan	Body fat (g)	√	N/A
	DXA scan	Lean mass (g)	√	N/A
	DXA scan	Bone mass (g)	√	N/A
	DXA scan	Bone mineral content (g/cm2)	√	N/A
Mental health and wellbeing
	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) [51]	Emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial, behavior problems	√	√
	Child Health Utility 9D instrument [52,53]	Health-related quality of life	√	N/A
	The WHOc-5 Well-Being Index [54]	Current mental wellbeing	√	N/A
Family functioning
	McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) 12-item General Functioning Scale [55]	General functioning	N/A	√
Sleep
	AX3 accelerometer	Sleep timing, duration, and awakenings	√	N/A
	Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale [61]	Sleep hygiene	√	N/A
	PROMISd Pediatric Sleep Disturbance [62]	Sleep disturbances	√	√
	PROMIS Pediatric Sleep Impairment [62]	Sleep problems	√	√
Physical activity and sedentary behavior
	AX3 accelerometer	Physical activity and sedentary behavior	√	N/A
Dietary intake
	24-hour dietary recall [56]	Food and nutrient intake	√	N/A
	Camera (food images)	Food and nutrient intake	N/A	√
	Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire [57]	Eating behaviors	N/A	√
Screen time
	Bedtime and electronic devices recall	Pre-bed and in-bed screen use	√	N/A
	Wearable and bedroom camera	Pre-bed and in-bed screen use	√	N/A
	Youth Activity Profile [58]	Total daily screen use	N/A	√
Economic analyses
	BMI z-score at 2, 3.5, 5, and 11 years of age	Retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis	N/A	N/A
	BMI z-score at 2, 3.5, 5, and 11 years of age	Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios	N/A	N/A
	Child Health Utility 9D instrument [52,53]	Numbers and percentages	N/A	N/A

^aN/A: not applicable.

^bDXA: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

^cWHO: World Health Organization.

^dPROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.