Table 2.

Focus group results with design elements to support weight maintenance needs.

Key values								Needs	Design elements cards (PSDa and/or BCTb)
V1c	V2d	V3e	V4f	V5g	V6h	V7i	V8j
✓k	—l	—	—	—	✓	✓	✓	Set own goals (personalized) Subgoals (eg, eat more fruit)	Goal setting: BCT—goals and planning
—	—	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	Build strategies and plans for different situations (eg, weekdays, weekends, holidays, and birthdays) Crisis plan and support plan (eg, on “bad days” or periods) Back-on-track strategy (eg, when drawback occurs, weight increases)	Planning: BCT—goals and planning
✓	✓	—	—	—	✓	—	—	Positive or motivational messages: Personalized feedback when reaching goals or achievements (eg, self-selected rewards, motivational words, and reminders of personal drivers for losing weight) On a “difficult” day or period When using the app (eg, “Welcome back! What’s the status?”) Show positive health effects No negative feedback	Motivating messages: PSD—praise BCT—feedback and monitoring
✓	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	—	Personal goals, monitoring, plans, and reminders Personal messages (praise) and self-selected rewards Several modules, interdependent (personal choice)	Personalization: PSD—personalization
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	✓	Long-term monitoring of behavior, goals, and plans (eg, through visualizations) My diary (easy and quick self-selected registrations)	Self-monitoring: PSD—self-monitoring BCT—feedback and monitoring
—	—	—	—	—	✓	—	✓	Understand own behavior: holistic insights health and well-being (eg, weight, activity, emotion, sleep, and stress)	Visualization: BCT—feedback and monitoring
✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Smart, tailored feedback related to individual lifestyle, goals, and behavior (eg, automatic activity trackers) Automatic adaptation: favorite modules and interests easily available	Tailoring: PSD—tailoring
—	✓	✓	—	—	✓	—	✓	Health promoting (eg, positive spin-offs of maintaining weight and healthy behavior) Positive “boost” messages related to behaviors or habits Positive feedback on “bad days” (eg, personal values, positive goal focus, and earlier achievements) Tailored support (eg, related to crisis plan, tips and feedback, and timely) Smart, tailored feedback-based automatic monitoring and registrations	Feedback: PSD—praise BCT—feedback and monitoring
—	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	✓	Competence and skills to regulate behavior, emotions, and thoughts Information: How the body works after weight loss and recent research and knowledge to maintain weight Effects and benefits of healthy behaviors and maintaining weight (eg, fun facts) Preferably presented through a choice of text or sound, supported by visuals and movies	Knowledge: BCT—shaping knowledge and natural consequences
—	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	✓	Reflect on behaviors and decisions Support in making healthy choices	Decision support: PSD—reduction and suggestions BCT—antecedents, goals and planning, (eg, action planning), and associations
—	—	—	✓	—	✓	—	✓	The best evidence-based strategies and tips to maintain weight Focus on health and well-being (eg, how to reach goals and keep up with healthy habits) Practical tips (eg, self-regulation, when technology is not enough)	Suggestions: PSD—suggestions BCT—regulation
—	—	—	—	✓	✓	—	—	Rewards (eg, points, trophies) related to goals and targets (eg, weight and activity goals) Self-selected rewards for motivation	Rewards: PSD—rewards
	—	—	—	—	—	—	✓	Reminders: My goals, values, and plan Healthy habits to maintain weight and how the body works When it goes well and when “off track” (eg, reminders of past successes, trouser that is too big, before and after pictures)	Reminders: PSD—reminders and simulation BCT—associations (ie, prompts and cues), self-belief and identity
—	—	—	—	✓	✓	—	✓	Automatic registrations and automatic behavior trackers (eg, weight, activity trackers, wearables, sensors, and smart devices) Ease of use, easy monitoring, and long-term storage of data Personal contact or helper (eg, family or friend for motivation and support)	Wearables or sensor technology: PSD—self-monitoring BCT—feedback and monitoring (ie, biofeedback)
—	—	✓	—	—	—	✓	✓	Practice (new) healthy habits Keep up with daily routines and healthy habits in the long term	Practice habits: PSD—reduction and rehearsal BCT—repetition and substitution (ie, habit formation)
—	—	✓	—	—	—	✓	✓	Train and prepare for risk situations or tempting situations (eg, “what-if plans,” impulse control, and self-regulation)	Rehearse on situations or challenges: PSD—rehearsal BCT—repetition and substitution and goals and planning
—	✓	—	—	—	✓	—	✓	Contact with coach or health care personnel or general practitioner (eg, when technology is not enough) Support or personal helper (eg, family, friend, or other users or peers through social forum or chat or inspirational user stories) to share experience, learn about health-related behaviors from others, and cooperate	Social support: PSD—social learning, social cooperation, and social facilitation BCT—social support and comparison of behavior
—	—	—	—	✓	✓		—	Points and trophies when reaching goals and targets to keep focus and motivation Animated coach for motivation and joy	Gamification elements: PSD—rewards BCT—reward and threat

^aPSD: persuasive system design.

^bBCT: behavior change technique.

^cV1: personalized care.

^dV2: feel supported.

^eV3: positive self-image.

^fV4: health.

^gV5: happiness.

^hV6: motivation.

ⁱV7: autonomy.

^jV8: self-management.

^kThe value was highlighted by the focus groups based on the needs and related design elements identified.

^lThe value was not highlighted by the focus groups based on the needs and related design elements identified.