Table 1.
Metabolomics Studies Analyzing Samples From Patients With AMD
| Biofluid | Source | Comparison | Targeted/Untargeted | Metabolomic Technique Used | Differential Metabolite Evaluation Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | America | NVAMD patients (n = 100) and CP (n = 192) | Untargeted | LC-MS and LC-MS/MS | Nested feature selection | Mitchell et al.29 |
| Plasma | America | Early AMD, intermediate AMD, late AMD (n = 89) and CP (n = 30) | Targeted | UPLC-MS | Logistic regression analysis | Laíns et al.30 |
| Plasma | Two cohorts: the USA and Portugal | AMD patients (n = 391) and CP (n = 100) | Untargeted | UPLC-MS | Logistic regression models | Laíns et al.25 |
| Plasma | China | NVAMD patients (n = 20) and CP (n = 20) | Untargeted | UPLC-Q-TOF MS | PLS-DA, fold change analysis and t-test | Luo et al.32 |
| Serum | European | Patients with non-advanced AMD (n = 72) and CP (n = 72) | Targeted | HPLC-MS | sPLS-DA | Kersten et al.10 |
| Plasma | America | NVAMD patients (n = 26) and CP (n = 19) | Untargeted | LC-FTMS | Multiple testing | Osborn et al.31 |
| Plasma | Two cohorts: the USA and Portugal | AMD patients (n = 201) and CP (n = 42)(Coimbra); AMD patients (n = 113) and CP (n = 40) (Boston) | Untargeted | -NMR | PLS-DA | Laíns et al.27 |
| Serum | China | 21 PCV vs 19 CP | Untargeted | UPLC-MS | OPLS-DA | Li et al. 4 |
| Urine | America | AMD patients (n = 252) and CP (n = 53) (Coimbra); AMD patients (n = 147) and CP (n = 47) (Boston) | Untargeted | -NMR | PLS-DA | Laíns et al.26 |
| Plasma | France | Exudative-AMD patients (n = 40) and CP (n = 40) | Targeted | Mass spectrometry | Student's t test | Chao de la Barca et al.33 |
| Serum | China | AMD patients (n = 88), PCV patients (n = 102) and CP (n = 81) | Untargeted | GC-TOF/MS | OPLS-DA, Fold Change analysis and t test | Liu et al.28 |
| Aqueous humor | China | Wet AMD patients (n = 26) and CP (n = 20) | Untargeted | UHPLC-MS/MS | PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, and ANOVA | Han et al. 35 |
| S & P | European | 2267 AMD cases and 4266 CP | Targeted | High-throughput -NMR | Logistic regression | Acar et al.34 |
S & P, serum and plasma; CP, control patients; PCV, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; LC, liquid chromatogram; UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography; FTMS, Fourier-transform mass spectrometry; GC, gas chromatography; TOF, time of flight; Q-TOF, quadrupole-time of flight; PLS-DA, partial least squares discriminant analysis; OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance.