Table 2.
ICD-10 delirium research criteria [1]—assessment outcome FO5 delirium, not induced by alcohol or other psychoactive substances
| Delirium criteria | Assessment positive | Assessment negative | Not assessable | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Clouding of consciousness, i.e., reduced clarity of awareness of the environment, with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention | n = 269 (41.8%) | n = 324 (50.3%) | n = 51 (7.9%) | n = 644 (100%) |
| B |
Disturbance of cognition, manifest by both (1) impairment of immediate recall and recent memory, with relatively intact remote memory (2) disorientation in time, place, or person |
n = 241 (37.4%) | n = 256 (39.8%) | n = 147 (22.8%) | n = 644 (100%) |
| C |
At least one of the following psychomotor disturbances (1) rapid, unpredictable shifts from hypo-activity to hyperactivity (2) increased reaction time (3) increased or decreased flow of speech (4) enhanced startle reaction |
n = 239 (37.1%) | n = 324 (50.3%) | n = 81 (12.6%) | n = 644 (100%) |
| D |
Disturbance of sleep or the sleep–wake cycle, manifest by at least one of the following: (1) insomnia, which in severe cases may involve total sleep loss, with or without daytime drowsiness, or reversal of the sleep–wake cycle (2) nocturnal worsening of symptoms (3) disturbing dreams and nightmares which may continue as hallucinations or illusions after awakening |
n = 417 (64.8%) | n = 82 (12.7%) | n = 145 (22.5%) | n = 644 (100%) |
| E | Rapid onset and fluctuations of the symptoms over the course of the day | n = 212 (32.9%) | n = 377 (58.5%) | n = 55 (8.5%) | n = 644 (100%) |
| F | Objective evidence from history, physical and neurological examination, or laboratory tests of an underlying cerebral or systemic disease (other than psychoactive substance-related) that can be presumed to be responsible for the clinical manifestations in A–D | n = 353 (54.8%) | n = 251 (39.0%) | n = 40 (6.2%) | n = 644 (100%) |
ICD-10 International Classification of Disease N° 10
Emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety or fear, irritability, euphoria, apathy or wondering perplexity, disturbances of perception (illusions or hallucinations, often visual), and transient delusions are typical but are not specific indications for the diagnosis