Table 2:
Adjusted risk ratioa of non-partner violence trajectories over the two-year study, according to pattern of substance use and mental health at baseline, with the “Non-violent” trajectory (n=238, 39.7%) as the reference category for comparison (N=599)
| Outcome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Variables | Low baseline initiators (group 1) (n=35, 5.8%) | Moderate baseline persistent (group 3) (n=126, 21%) | Moderate baseline desistance (group 4) (n=108, 18%) | High baseline desistance (n=57, 9.5%) (group 5) | High baseline persistent (n=35, 5.8%) (group 6) |
| Adjusted Risk Ratios (95% CI) | Adjusted Risk Ratios (95% CI) | Adjusted Risk Ratios (95% CI) | Adjusted Risk Ratios (95% CI) | Adjusted Risk Ratios (95% CI) | |
|
Model 1:
Past 30-Days Substance Use at Baseline |
|||||
| Binge Drinking Days | 1.05 (.92–1.20) | 1.12 (1.04–1.22) ** | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) * | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) ** | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) *** |
| Cannabis Days | 1.02 (.99–1.05) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) * | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) * |
| Illicit Drugsb | 1.16 (.94–1.43) | 1.03 (.81–1.30) | 1.12 (.91–1.38) | 1.24 (1.02–1.51) * | .86 (.48–1.55) |
| Prescription Opioidsc | .002 (.00-.00) | 1.00 (.87–1.16) | .87 (.65–1.17) | .87 (.66–1.13) | .70 (.33–1.49) |
| Prescription Sedatives | 1.09 (.96–1.24) | 1.05 (.93–1.19) | .68 (.40–1.17) | 1.07 (.94–1.21) | 1.02 (.83–1.25) |
| Prescription Stimulants | .002 (.00-.00) | 1.04 (.53–2.05) | .002 (.00-.00) | 1.37 (.66–2.86) | 1.96 (1.03–3.75) * |
| Baseline Characteristics | |||||
| Adolescent vs. Adultd | 1.68 (.73–3.85) | 2.36 (1.40–3.97) ** | 1.77 (1.02–3.08) * | 2.34 (1.15–4.76) * | 2.33 (.99–5.46) |
| Female vs. Male | 1.21 (.57–2.58) | 1.01 (.63–1.63) | 1.15 (.70–1.89) | 1.34 (.70–2.56) | .89 (.40–1.98) |
| Other Race vs. African American | 1.78 (.85–3.74) | 1.55 (.97–2.49) | 1.10 (.67–1.82) | 1.41 (.74–2.68) | 1.25 (.57–2.74) |
| Assault-Related Injury | 1.44 (.69–3.00) | 2.02 (1.26–3.23) ** | 2.38 (1.45–3.92) * | 2.62 (1.32–5.20) ** | 1.38 (.63–3.01) |
| Baseline Mental Health | |||||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 1.46 (.42–5.05) | 2.22 (1.00–4.89) * | 0.91 (.36–2.30) | 1.43 (.53–3.88) | 3.43 (1.14–10.33) * |
| (b) Depression but no Anxietye | 2.42 (.63–9.27) | 2.21 (1.00–4.88) | 1.27 (.48–3.34) | .62 (.11–3.42) | 2.24 (.47–10.77) |
| (c) Anxiety but no Depression | 2.30 (.47–11.37) | 2.26 (.89–5.74) | 2.84 (1.03–7.75) * | .40 (.04–4.20) | 4.37 (.92–20.78) |
| (d) Depression and Anxiety | 2.87 (.92–8.93) | 2.29 (1.19–4.39) * | 3.72 (1.84–7.50) *** | 4.17 (1.53–11.39) ** | 2.98 (.82–10.91) |
| Model 2: | |||||
| Polysubstance Use in the Past 30-Days? (Yes/No) | 1.05 (.34–3.27) | 1.99 (1.07–3.70) * | 1.44 (.72–2.88) | 2.67 (1.25–5.71) * | 2.90 (1.20–7.00) * |
=P<.05;
=P<.01;
=P<.001
Model 1 adjusted for each variable listed under Model 1. Model 2 examined whether each respondent engaged in polysubstance use with any of the following combination of substances: cannabis, prescription opioids, prescription sedatives, prescription stimulants, meth/speed, crack/cocaine, heroin/street opiates, and LSD/Hallucinogens. Model 2 adjusted for age group, gender, race/ethnicity, and assault-related injury at baseline.
Illicit drugs (crack/cocaine, heroin/street opiates, meth, LSD/Hallucinogens) were tested individually in Model 1. No individual illicit drug was significant, so the values were summed to create a composite variable.
References to prescription medication use are specifically to nonmedical use of the listed compounds.
Youth ages 14 – 18 were the reference group.
Reference group was participants reporting no symptoms of depression or anxiety.