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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2021 Jan;59(1):22–28. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001419

Table 2 –

Odds of dissatisfaction with quality of care over the past year among Medicare beneficiaries by functional hearing lossa,b

Variable Adjustedb Odds Ratio(95% CI) Standard Error P-Value
Functional Hearing Loss
 No trouble REF
 A little trouble 1.496(1.079 – 2.073) 0.246 0.016
 A lot of trouble 1.769(1.175 – 2.664) 0.365 0.007
Usual Place of Care = Yes 0.320(0.220 – 0.465) 0.060 <0.001
Age (years)
 64 and younger REF
 65–74 0.929(0.675 – 1.278) 0.149 0.648
 75 and older 0.603(0.441 – 0.824) 0.095 0.002
Female 1.070(0.799 – 1.434) 0.158 0.647
Race
 Non-Hispanic White REF
 Non-Hispanic Black 1.015(0.609 – 1.691) 0.261 0.955
 Hispanic 1.533(0.911 – 2.581) 0.402 0.107
 Other 1.754(1.000 – 3.078) 0.497 0.050
Educational attainment
 Less than 9th grade REF
 High school or vocational, technical degree 1.370(0.967 – 1.940) 0.240 0.076
 More than high school 1.199(0.836 – 1.721) 0.218 0.320
Income Greater or equal to $25,000 0.965(0.637 – 1.461) 0.202 0.864
Married = Yes 0.583(0.407 – 0.834) 0.105 0.004
General health
 Excellent REF
 Very good 1.546(0.873 – 2.738) 0.445 0.134
 Good 2.684(1.515 – 4.755) 0.774 0.001
 Fair 2.979(1.559 – 5.692) 0.972 0.001
 Poor 4.921(2.661 – 9.100) 1.524 <0.001
Functional limitations
 No functional limitations REF
 only IADLs 1.418(0.769 – 2.613) 0.437 0.260
 1–2 ADLs 1.761(1.107 – 2.800) 0.412 0.017
 3–4 ADLs 1.934(1.171 – 3.195) 0.489 0.011
 5–6 ADLs 2.310(1.291 – 4.132) 0.677 0.005
Chronic Comorbidities Count**
 0 REF
 1–2 0.905(0.371 – 2.208) 0.407 0.825
 3–5 0.718(0.287– 1.796) 0.332 0.475
 ≥ 6 0.784(0.301 – 2.040) 0.378 0.614

IADL – Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, ADL – Activity of Daily Living, Ref – Reference

a

Data derived from the 2015 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey public use file (n=11,441)

b

Survey weights applied according to Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (weighted n = 48,562,591)

c

Logistic regression model adjusted for usual place of care, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, general health, functional limitations, and chronic comorbidities count (cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, chronic heart disease, serious mental illness, acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, depression, arthritis, dementia or Alzheimer disease)