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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2021 Jan;59(1):22–28. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001419

Table 4 –

Odds of dissatisfaction with quality of care over the past year among Medicare beneficiaries with functional hearing loss who report hearing interferes with provider communicationa,b

Variable Adjustedc Odds Ratio(95% CI) Standard Error P
Hearing Influences Provider Communication 1.618(1.099 – 2.381) 0.315 0.015
Usual Place of Care 0.315(0.194 – 0.512) 0.077 <0.001
Age (years)
 64 and younger REF
 65–74 0.975(0.608 – 1.565) 0.233 0.916
 75 and older 0.515(0.323 – 0.821) 0.121 0.006
Female 0.890(0.592 – 1.340) 0.183 0.574
Race
 Non-Hispanic White REF
 Non-Hispanic Black 0.891(0.449 – 1.766) 0.307 0.738
 Hispanic 1.584(0.813 – 3.086) 0.532 0.174
 Other 1.496(0.664 – 3.370) 0.612 0.328
Educational attainment
 Less than 9th grade REF
 High school or vocational, technical degree 1.653(0.955 – 2.862) 0.457 0.072
 More than high school 1.422(0.821 – 2.462) 0.393 0.206
Income Greater or equal to $25,000 0.838(0.488 – 1.439) 0.228 0.519
Married = Yes 0.971(0.404 – 1.115) 0.172 0.122
General health
 Excellent REF
 Very good 1.266(0.520 – 3.083) 0.568 0.601
 Good 3.524(1.376 – 9.021) 1.669 0.009
 Fair 3.297(1.109 –9.808) 1.811 0.032
 Poor 5.649(1.998 – 15.974) 2.959 0.001
Functional limitations
 No functional limitations REF
 only IADLs 1.551(0.785 – 3.063) 0.532 0.204
 1–2 ADLs 1.661(0.901 – 3.061) 0.512 0.103
 3–4 ADLs 1.725(0.891 – 3.340) 0.574 0.105
 5–6 ADLs 2.749(1.271 – 5.948) 1.069 0.011
 Chronic Comorbidities Count
 0 REF
 1–2 0.553(0.125 – 2.442) 0.414 0.430
 3–5 0.453(0.102– 2.013) 0.341 0.295
 ≥ 6 0.476(0.100 – 2.259) 0.374 0.436

IADL – Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, ADL – Activity of Daily Living, Ref - Reference

a

Data derived from the 2015 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey public use file (n=5,519)

b

Survey weights applied according to Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (weighted n = 22,482,627)

c

Logistic regression model adjusted for usual place of care, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, general health, functional limitations, and chronic comorbidities count (cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, chronic heart disease, serious mental illness, acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, depression, arthritis, dementia or Alzheimer disease)