Table 3:

Synthetic dual or pan-PPAR ligands and therapeutic exploitation.

Subtype	Dual synthetic agonists	Therapeutic exploitation
PPARα/γ	Saroglitazar [144] Oxeglitazar [145] Lobeglitazone [145]	• Dyslipidemia • DM2
PPARα/β(δ)	Elafibranor (GFT505) [145]	•Hepatic steatosis • NASH • Dyslipidemia • Pre-diabetes • Insulin resistance • Obesity
PPARγ/δ	T3D 959 [187]	• Alzheimer’s Disease
Pan-PPAR	Chiglitazar [144] Lanifibranor (IVA337) [145]	• Dyslipidemia in obese mice • DM2 • Improved skin fibrosis in mice • NASH

DM2, Diabetes mellitus type 2; NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis