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. 2020 Dec 1;11:565285. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565285

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Copyright © 2020 Lee, Jeon, Ham, Lee, Song and Hong

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Liposomal astaxanthin alleviates oxidative stress in PA-induced skin tissues. (A) MDA levels, H₂O₂ levels, total GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio in skin tissues. n = 6. (B) Expression of antioxidant-related markers, GPx-1, and HO-1, in skin tissues. #1–3 refer to skin tissues of the different mice in the same group. ^†,‡ p < 0.05, ^{**,††,‡‡} p < 0.01, and ^{***,†††,‡‡‡} p < 0.001.