Figure 2.

The relationship between probability of hip fracture and whole bone strength determined using participant specific finite element models from computed tomography images is shown for women and men [70]. The solid line indicates the age-adjusted logistic regression model expressing fracture probability v. whole bone strength estimated from finite element models assuming normal bone tissue quality (as reported by [56]). Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of the logistic regression. An impairment of bone tissue quality that reduces whole bone strength by 20% increases the probability of fracture by 100% (red single-headed arrows). The range of whole bone strength corresponding to individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia as defined by BMD is indicated [56].